The invention relates to the technical field of 3D printing, and discloses a 3D printing high-performance ceramic material extrusion device which comprises a shell, a mounting plate and a feeding pipe, an extrusion mechanism is arranged in the shell, and a connection sealing mechanism is arranged at the bottom end of the mounting plate; the extrusion mechanism comprises a small motor, a partition box, a double-concave rotating shaft, a connecting rod, a fixing block, a first ejector rod, a piston pipe, a piston pressing pad, a first through pipe, a first one-way valve, a second through pipe, a second one-way valve, an extrusion needle tube and a working chamber, one end of the double-concave rotating shaft is fixedly installed at the output end of the small motor, and the double-concave rotating shaft penetrates through one side of the working chamber; through the combined action of all the mechanisms, the extrusion time can be staggered, continuous and continuous discharging is achieved, discharging is stable, the discharging amount is controllable, stopping is achieved at any time, the mechanism is simple in structure, driving is achieved only through one driving motor, the manufacturing cost is effectively reduced, and the use purpose is achieved to the maximum extent.