The invention discloses a hydraulic anchor rod drill carriage which comprises a working arm and a propelling beam. The propelling beam comprises a fixed beam and a rotating beam. The fixed beam and the rotating beam are distributed in parallel, and the rotating beam rotates by taking the fixed beam as a center shaft. A drilling gadder, an anchor rod gadder, a limiting interlocking device and a propelling oil cylinder are further mounted on the rotating beam; during drilling, the limiting interlocking device fixes the anchor rod gadder; during anchoring, the limiting interlocking device fixes the drilling gadder; moreover, the top end of the fixed beam leans against a top plate of a roadway needed to be anchored immobile all the time. According to the technical scheme, the drilling gadder and the anchor rod gadder are switched by a rotating mode, so that the drill and anchor switching rate is improved obviously, and furthermore, the work efficiency is improved obviously. In addition, the drilling gadder and the anchor rod gadder can be driven only by one propelling oil cylinder, so that the hydraulic anchor rod drill carriage is simple to operate, the integral cost can be further lowered, and underground shoring mechanization is further popularized favorably.