The invention discloses an ultra wideband stratum communication system which is mainly used for solving the problem that no reliable communication means can be taken when a serious accident occurs in a mine well. The ultra wideband stratum communication system comprises two transceivers, a pair of transmitting and receiving common electrodes and a transmitting and receiving changeover switch, a wireless channel is formed through the electrodes by using a stratum as a transmission medium so as to further form a time division duplex communication system. Each transceiver comprises transmitting equipment and receiving equipment, wherein the transmitting equipment comprise a channel coding unit, an M-element spectrum spreading unit and an E-class power amplifier; the receiving equipment comprise a low noise amplifier, a level-isolating straight-coupling capacitor, an AGC (Automatic Gain Control) amplifier, an A/D (Analog to Digital) converter and a dispreading, demodulating and channel decoding unit. A ternary pseudo random code with chip value of -1 or 0 or 1 is taken as an M-element spectrum spreading code, and a push-pull power amplifier with an output transformer is used as the E-class power amplifier. The invention has the advantages of small signal duty ratio, high peak-to-average power ratio, good error code characteristics and long transmission distance, and can provide a reliable communication means for mine well disaster relief.