The invention discloses a drop testing machine and a drop posture adjusting method, belongs to the technical field of drop tests, and aims to solve the problems of troublesome posture adjustment of atest piece, incapability of achieving angle control and poor drop test effect in the prior art. The drop testing machine comprises a drop frame, wherein the drop frame performs rotating motion relative to a rotating shaft of the drop frame; a lifting mechanism arranged at one side of the drop frame in the vertical direction; and a manipulator fixedly connected with the lifting mechanism through acrank arm, wherein the manipulator comprises a fixing plate, a posture adjusting unit connected between one end surface of the fixing plate and the crank arm, and two groups of grabbing units symmetrically arranged on the other end surface of the fixing plate; wherein, the posture adjusting unit drives the manipulator to integrally achieve rotation in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction, and the two grabbing units move relatively to open and close to achieve flexible grabbing or releasing of a sample. According to the invention, the adjustment of any falling height and the adjustment of the falling posture can be achieved, the flexible gripping of the sample is achieved, and the sample is prevented from being damaged or dropped due to the magnitude clamping force.