The invention discloses an improved polar code BP List decoding method which comprises the following steps: 1, selecting a factor graph set according to a factor graph error probability method; 2, selecting one factor graph from the factor graph set Z in sequence to perform BP decoding; 3, if the decoding is correct, ending the decoding; otherwise, executing the step 4; 4, if the factor graph is the last factor graph, determining that the decoding fails, and ending the decoding; otherwise, executing the step 5; 5, selecting two positions with the lowest reliability in the x end according to adecoding result in the current factor graph, namely selecting an unreliable position; 6, selecting an unreliable position symbol; and 7, updating the channel initial information, and then turning to the step 2 for execution. According to the method, the performance of BP decoding is close to the performance of CASCL8, the requirement of engineering application is met, meanwhile, the time delay ofthe algorithm can be effectively reduced through parallelization, and the time delay requirement is met.