53results about How to "Minimize charge" patented technology

A pixel current driver comprises a plurality of thin film transistors (TFTs) each having dual gates and for driving OLED layers. A top gate of the dual gates is formed between a source and a drain of each of the thin film transistors, to thereby minimize parasitic capacitance. The top gate is grounded or electrically tied to a bottom gate. The plurality of thin film transistors may be two thin film transistors formed in voltage-programmed manner or five thin film transistors formed in a current-programmed ΔV_T-compensated manner. Other versions of the current-programmed circuit with different numbers of thin film transistors are also presented that compensate for δV_T. The OLED layer are continuous and vertically stacked on the plurality of thin film transistors to provide an aperture ratio close to 100%.

A caller calls a callback system. If the caller is not a subscriber, the caller is offered a subscription, and if the caller provides proper billing information, the caller becomes a subscriber. When a subscriber calls a callback system, the system identifies the subscriber's ANI and calls the subscriber back. The system connects the subscriber to a destination chosen by the subscriber.

The present invention provides systems, methods, and devices for electroporation-based therapies (EBTs). Embodiments provide patient-specific treatment protocols derived by the numerical modeling of 3D reconstructions of target tissue from images taken of the tissue, and optionally accounting for one or more of physical constraints or dynamic tissue properties. The present invention further relates to systems, methods, and devices for delivering bipolar electric pulses for irreversible electroporation exhibiting reduced or no damage to tissue typically associated with an EBT-induced excessive charge delivered to the tissue.

The various aspects of the invention include embodiments of an integrated consumer or household product dispensing system which include one or more releasable product containers which are preferably disposable, and which include state-sensitive elements in communication with a processor, and which provide for the enhancement of the convenience, safety and efficiency of product use and re-supply. Certain embodiments of the dispensing system can automatically and/or semi-automatically manage a users inventory of one or more products and determine when re-supply is needed. Further embodiments of the dispensing system can automatically and/or semi-automatically place re-supply transactions with E-commerce suppliers and/or carry out related transactions with shippers and financial institutions, so as to provide for convenient product container re-supply. Further exemplary embodiments including a personal dental care dispenser system are described.

A capacitive sensor includes one or more chambers through which a material can flow. Two conductors are located to partially surround the flow chamber so that the material flows between the conductors. Where more than one chamber is used, additional conductors are provided. A measurement circuit connected to the conductors provides an output corresponding to a difference between test and reference frequencies. A display indicates the measured capacitance as a continuous-scale, proportional representation or a binary representation. The sensor system can measure volume charge density of a fluid or parameters responsive to changes in volume charge density, such as flow velocity.

A capacitive sensor is shielded against external electric fields to maximize measurement accuracy. The sensor may include two coaxial, tubular conductors with a chamber between them into which a material sample to be measured is introduced. A measurement circuit connected to the sensor may include a reference oscillator that oscillates at a constant frequency and a test oscillator that oscillates at a frequency responsive to sensor capacitance. The circuit may display a value responsive to the difference between the test and reference frequencies. The circuit may also reverse the polarity of the signal applied to the sensor to minimize charge buildup, a phase-locked loop frequency measuring circuit, a temperature compensating circuit, and a non-linearity compensating circuit. The indicating circuit that displays a representation of the measured capacitance may display a continuous-scale or proportional representation or may display a binary or "go-nogo" representation. An alternative sensor of the system includes coaxial, finned inner and outer conductors that intermesh to maximize capacitive surface area. Another alternative sensor includes two parallel, plate-like conductors. The sensor system may be used to measure volume charge density of a fluid or parameters responsive to changes in volume charge density, such as flow velocity.

Systems and methods for minimizing demand charges, including determining one or more optimal monthly demand charge thresholds based on historical load data, time of use charges, demand charges, and energy storage unit size for one or more end users. A grid power dispatch setpoint is calculated for a particular time step based on a daily load forecast and a daily economic dispatch solution based on the determined optimal monthly demand charge thresholds. A grid power dispatch setpoint for a subsequent time step is determined by iteratively solving the daily energy dispatch for the subsequent time step to determine an optimal grid power dispatch setpoint. Energy and demand charges are minimized by controlling charging and discharging operations for the energy storage unit in real-time based on the determined optimal grid power dispatch setpoint.

The present invention provides for a copper CMP slurry composition which comprises a complexing agent, an oxidizer, an abrasive and a passivating agent. The present invention also provides for a method of chemical mechanical planarization of a copper conductive structure which comprises administering the copper CMP slurry composition during the planarization process.

A communication system for an organization having multiple sites uses a dual-mode device capable of both cell phone communication and telephone communication on a local area network (LAN). IP LANS are established at organization sites such that a temporary IP address is assigned to a dual-mode device that logs onto an organization LAN, and the IP address is associated at a PSTN-connected server on the LAN with the cell phone number of the communication device. The IP server notifies a PSTN-connected routing server when a device logs on to a LAN, and also provides a destination number for the IP server. Cell calls directed to the device are then redirected to the IP server and directed to the device connected to the LAN.

When both the sourcing command and the sinking command to the phase comparator are high, the charge pump phase detector creates a high impedance output dead period, which is undesirable. The dead zone can be minimized by resetting the phase comparator when both sourcing command and sinking command are high. Accurate timing of the reset signal is crucial to good PLL phase noise performance and also to the elimination of the dead zone problem. In our invention, accurate reset timing is achieved by including the charge pump delay time caused by the input gate capacitance of the output complementary MOSFETs in the reset signal path.

A charge utilization control system for an electric vehicle includes a controller, an electric motor connected to the controller, a battery connected to the electric motor and an internal combustion engine connected to the controller. The controller is adapted to minimize electric charge stored in the battery as the electric vehicle approaches a charging destination for the battery.

The present invention describes directly using particles collected with an electrostatic precipitator for the detection of explosives and other compounds of interest. The method and apparatus of analyzing particles involves directly measuring particles on the collection electrodes or thermally desorbing them into an ion mobility spectrometer and/or other analytical instruments. One aspect of the present invention is a particulate charging method. Another aspect of the present invention provides a means of high charging of the particulates while minimizing their collection in the charging stage. The present invention also provides a means for efficiently collecting the particulates in a second stage for sampling in a compact electrode.

The present invention relates to a microphone that includes a housing and a diaphragm and backplate located with the housing. The housing has a sound port for receiving the sound. The diaphragm undergoes movement relative to the backplate, which it opposes, in response to the incoming sound. The backplate has a charged layer with a first surface that is exposed to the diaphragm and a second surface opposite the first surface. The backplate further includes a conductor for transmitting a signal from the backplate to electronics in the housing. The conductor faces the second surface of the charged layer. To minimize the charge degradation created by contact with or infiltration of foreign materials, the first surface, the second surface, or both surfaces of the charged layer includes a protective layer thereon.

An electrophoresis display apparatus (1) is provided with a pair of substrates (6, 7), a plurality of pixel electrodes (9) formed on the substrate surface of one substrate (6), a common electrode (10) formed opposite to the plurality of pixel electrodes (9) on the substrate surface of the other substrate (7), a liquid body (14) in which two charged particles (11, 12) having different colors and polarities sealed and dispersed between the pair of substrates, and a controller (4) that generates a write pulse to generate a potential difference for causing the charged particles (11, 12) to move between the pixel electrode (9) and the common electrode (10). The controller (4) applies a write pulse to the pixel electrode (9) and the common electrode (10), and then connects the pixel electrode (9) and the common electrode (10) via a resistance (17).

An IGBT is provided comprising at least two first cells (1, 1′), each of which having an n doped source layer (2), a p doped base layer (3), an n doped enhancement layer (4), wherein the base layer (3) separates the source layer (2) from the enhancement layer (4), an n− doped drift layer (5) and a p doped collector layer (6). Two trench gate electrodes (7, 7′) are arranged on the lateral sides of the first cell (1, 1′).

The transistor comprises at least one second cell (15) between the trench gate electrodes (7, 7′) of two neighboured first cells (1, 1′), which has on the emitter side (90) a p+ doped well (8) and a further n doped enhancement layer (40, 40′) which separates the well (8) from the neighboured trench gate electrodes (7, 7′). An insulator layer stack (75) is arranged on top of the second cell (15) on the emitter side (90) to insulate the second cell (15) and the neighboured trench gate electrodes (7, 7′) from the metal emitter electrode (9), which consists of a first insulating layer (73) and a second insulating layer (74), wherein the insulator stack (75) has a thickness on top of the well (8) of a first layer thickness plus the second insulating layer thickness and a thickness on top of the gate layer (70, 70′) of the second insulating layer thickness, wherein each thickness of the first insulating layer (73) and the second insulating layer (74) is at least 700 nm.