The invention discloses an off-grid photovoltaic power generation energy storage system and an energy dispatching method of the off-grid photovoltaic power generation energy storage system. The system comprises a photovoltaic power generation module, a photovoltaic controller, a rectifier, an inversion module, a rechargeable battery module, a battery management system, a central control unit, a displayer and a direct current converter. The photovoltaic power generation module is connected with an alternating current load through the photovoltaic controller and the inversion module, the end, connected with the inversion module, of the photovoltaic controller is connected with the rechargeable battery module through the direct current converter and is also connected with a power supply power grid through the rectifier, the inversion module is connected with the power supply power grid, the battery management system is connected with the rechargeable battery module, and the central control unit is connected with the photovoltaic controller, the rectifier, the inversion module, the battery management system, the direct current converter and the displayer. Charging and discharging control can be conducted according to load conditions and specific parameters of the rechargeable battery module, the optimal energy utilization rate is achieved, and the system is high in response speed, control efficiency and accuracy and can be widely applied to the photovoltaic power generation industry.