The invention provides an atmospheric environment PM2.5 monitoring device for engineering construction. The device comprises a dust equipment chassis (1), a light receiving element (2), a receiving plate (3), a scatter plate (4), a light emitting element ( 5), a first exhaust pipeline (6), a second exhaust pipeline (7), a first fan motor (8), a second fan motor (9), a first exhaust port (10), a second exhaust port (11), a first exhaust passage (12), a second exhaust passage (13), a first air inlet (14), a second air inlet (15), a first gas collection port (16), a gas supply passage (17), a second gas collection port (18), a gas distribution passage (19), a particle retention device (20), a data collection and storage system and a power supply system. The instrument can meet a self-cleaningfunction of the equipment under the heavy pollution condition of PM2.5. The PM2.5 concentration can be measured independently, or the PM2.5 concentration can be measured in a vehicle-mounted mobile manner.