The invention discloses a water environment monitoring system, which comprises a sensor group, a video data acquisition module, a panoramic video generating module, a man-machine operation module, a central processor, a water environment evaluation module, an expert evaluation module, a physical model building module, a virtual actuator, a virtual sensor and a simulation analysis module. An underwater robot and a detection device are perfectly combined to realize simultaneous detection on water environment conditions in multiple directions, multiple evaluation results of the water environment conditions are obtained, the detection results are high in accuracy, data transmission is carried out via a Beidou short message communication technology, no communication line needs to be erected, the use is convenient, prediction and simulation analysis on subsequent conditions for the water environment are realized through self definition of the water environment physical model, the virtual sensor and the virtual actuator, various water environment treatment schemes can be converted into parameters to act on the built water environment physical model, and reasonable selection on the water environment treatment schemes can be realized.