The invention discloses a mechanical structure fuzzy fatigue reliability optimization method based on a self-constructed membership function, and belongs to the field of fatigue reliability optimization. The objective of the invention is to solve the problem of fuzzy fatigue reliability optimization design under a small amount of sample data. The principle includes: representing fatigue damage fuzziness of a mechanical structure by a self-constructed membership function, verifying the accuracy of the mechanical structure through test data, and deriving a failure probability and reliability analysis expression; defining a random variable, a fuzzy variable and a fuzzy fatigue reliability function, verifying the accuracy of the function, and establishing an optimized objective function; and determining a design variable constraint condition, determining an optimization target interval based on a blind number theory, performing global optimization through a genetic algorithm, and obtainingan optimal result. The uncertainty factors of the size, material parameters and load of the mechanical structure are fully considered, the fatigue damage fuzziness of the mechanical structure is represented through the self-constructed membership function, the optimization target interval is defined based on the blind number theory, calculation is accurate and reliable, and the efficiency is high.