The invention provides a river light pollution index extraction method based on a noctilucent remote sensing image, and the method comprises: obtaining river data information, and also comprises the following steps: processing the river data information, processing the noctilucent remote sensing image data of the river, and extracting the river light pollution index. The invention provides a river light pollution index extraction method based on a noctilucent remote sensing image, which comprises: firstly, carrying out segmentation processing and buffer area analysis on a river, and converting a river line map layer into a surface map layer; meanwhile, performing registration and splicing processing on the Luoga remote sensing image to form a complete image; then, by utilizing a spatial statistical method, counting the average value of the light brightness in each river buffer area surface; and finally, associating the average value into the river map layer attributes to form a river light pollution index map, thereby solving the evaluation problem of large-range river light pollution, on one hand, quickly extracting the river light pollution index, and on the other hand, ensuring the consistency of data among different regions.