The invention discloses a receiver quick positioning method based on strong tracking filtering and a Hermite interpolation method. According to the receiver quick positioning method, based on a known satellite running state, the position of a satellite can be predicted in an interpolation manner, so that the computation complexity is greatly reduced while the positioning precision is ensured; by utilizing a strong tracking filtering device, the quick positioning of a receiver is realized. Specifically the receiver quick positioning method comprises the following steps of firstly extracting ephemeris parameters in a navigation message, and computing the position and the speed of the satellite according to an air interface document; secondly selecting a time interval of a sliding window, and estimating the position of the satellite orbit according to the Hermite interpolation method; finally adjusting a system state vector and a noise covariance matrix. According to the receiver quick positioning method based on the strong tracking filtering and the Hermite interpolation method, which is disclosed by the invention, the positioning resolution of the receiver is carried out by utilizing the strong tracking filtering; meanwhile, the time interval of the sliding window is adjusted, and the prediction and the filtering on the orbit are carried out repeatedly, so that the quick positioning of the receiver is realized; on the premise of ensuring the positioning precision, the computation complexity is greatly reduced, and the requirements of a user on the positioning precision, the real time performance and the robustness of the receiver can be met.