The invention relates to a multi-channel combined filter-based color segmentation three-dimensional projection device, which comprises a left projector and a right projector corresponding to a left eye and a right eye respectively, wherein both the left projector and the right projector comprise a light source, a projection lens, a prism and an R filter channel, a G filter channel and a B filter channel arranged side by side; and two groups of complementary wave bands of R1, G1 and B1, R2, G2 and B2 are generated by a method for segmenting the wave bands of the R, G and B channels respectively. The device greatly reduces the manufacturing difficulty of a light filter, reduces the cost, increases the brightness of a three-dimensional projection picture, reduces the color deviation of the three-dimensional projection picture, and effectively avoids double images, ghost images and the like in the prior art.