The invention discloses a liquid recoil arc extinguishing and lightning protection method, and belongs to the technical field of arc extinguishing and lightning protection. The method comprises the following steps: placing a liquid in a recoil pipe, when an electric arc enters the recoil pipe, at the moment when the electric arc pre-breaks down the liquid, generating a liquid-electric detonation effect due to that the lightning arc impact time is extremely short and the liquid cannot instantly deform and displace, enabling the peak value of the recoil arc extinguishing pressure to be synchronous with the pre-breakdown time of an impact steepness arc, immediately cutting off the impact arc when being formed, after the arc conducts liquid, enabling the arc and the liquid to exchange heat to generate an electro-hydraulic heat exchange effect, enabling liquid bubbles generated by arc heat and a heat evaporation effect to store kinetic energy, releasing the arc extinguishing pressure, and reflecting back downward shock waves generated by the electro-hydraulic detonation effect and the electro-hydraulic heat exchange effect back by the bottom of the recoil pipe to form shock wave regular reflection effect arc extinguishing. The arc is cut off early, the recoil arc extinguishing pressure peak value is synchronous with the impact large-gradient arc pre-breakdown time, the impact arc is cut off immediately when the impact arc is just formed, and the pressure of the cut-off arc is huge.