A modular construction system is provided, wherein the components (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18) thereof includes Chinese character shaped components and a number of fish-bone shaped components. The fish-bone shaped components are formed according to the shapes of multiple Chinese characters. Except the “” shaped pin components, the components (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18) are formed by assembling multiple identical cubes arranged according to the thickness of one cube and the shapes of the above Chinese characters. Since the concaves and convexes of the components are cube shaped, the components (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18) are locked to each other through the concaves and convexes between the components to assemble objects with stable structure composed of planes and standing column shaped structures. The components (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18) can be considered as universal parts after the planes and upright columns are dissembled. An assembling method of the modular construction system is also provided.