The invention provides a parallax image generation method and system based on binocular stereo vision matching. The parallax image generation method comprises the steps of obtaining a pair of speckleimages, wherein the pair of speckle images are images of speckles captured by an object through a pair of binocularly calibrated cameras under the irradiation of a set light beam; inputting the pair of speckle images into a preset deep learning neural network to generate corresponding parallax images, wherein the deep learning neural network is obtained by training a plurality of pairs of speckleimages. According to the method and the system, a pair of speckle images is used as input, a parallax image is directly output through binocular vision stereo matching network (deep learning neural network) processing, end-to-end calculation of the parallax image and an end-to-end network design framework are realized, post-processing steps of stereo matching, such as sub-pixel enhancement, filtering and noise reduction, refinement and the like, are eliminated, and the operation overhead is greatly reduced.