The invention relates to a relay node robustness covering method for a double-layer structure wireless sensor network. The method is a relay node 2-cover deployment algorithm based on local search, the global deployment problem is degraded to a local deployment problem, the robustness is guaranteed, and the optimal deployment is realized. The method specifically includes two steps: first 1-cover and secondary 1-cover, wherein the first 1-cover includes: three steps of relay node candidate deployment position construction, sensor node grouping, and relay node local deployment, sensors are grouped via a novel grouping method, the complexity of the algorithm is reduced, and the optimality of the deployment is guaranteed; and the secondary 1-cover includes: the threshold is adjusted, sensor nodes covered only by one relay node are selected from each group, 1-cover of the sensor nodes is performed by employing the 1-cover method, the robustness is guaranteed, the deployment quantity of the relay nodes is reduced, and the problem solving time is shortened.