The invention relates to a one-stage direction remote sensing image target detection method based on student-T distribution assistance, and solves the problem of frames in any direction by using a geometric method based on a horizontal frame. The method comprises the following steps: S1, converting a remote sensing image by using a geometric conversion method based on the horizontal frame; S2, extracting remote sensing image features; S3, carrying out the regression and classification on feature maps obtained from a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) and a Feature Pyramid Network (FPN) respectively, and extracting the feature maps of the feature maps of the CNN and the FPN from the feature maps of the Feature Pyramid Network; S4, carrying out the result optimization and output: adopting student-T distribution as a result of joint distribution, synthesizing a classification branch and a regression branch, optimizing the one-stage direction detection model based on the student-T distribution, and outputting a target detection result. According to the student-T distribution assistance-based one-stage direction remote sensing image target detection method, the special rigidity and bird's-eye view characteristics of the remote sensing image target are fully utilized, and the CNN and FPN models based on deep learning and Gaussian distribution and inverse gamma distribution are adopted, so that more accurate remote sensing image target detection is realized.