The invention discloses a positioning rescue device of an unmanned underwater vehicle. The positioning rescue device mainly comprises a battery, a switch, a protective resistor, an electromagnetic relay, a main control chip, a GPS positioning system, an igniter, a partition plate, an air bag, a shell and a rope. The shell is of a hollow structure and is divided into a non-watertight cavity and a watertight cavity through a partition plate. A rope, an air bag and an igniter are arranged in the non-watertight cavity, and the igniter is arranged on the air bag; the battery, the switch, the protective resistor, the electromagnetic relay and the main control chip are sequentially connected through wires to form a series circuit, and the igniter and the GPS positioning system are connected withthe main control chip through wires. And two normally open contacts of a control loop of the electromagnetic relay are respectively connected with two ends of the main power supply. The invention provides a device with positioning and rescuing functions, so that an aircraft can be quickly positioned and rescued after losing control, and a large amount of searching and rescuing cost is saved.