The invention provides an abrasive belt grinding and polishing machine, and belongs to the technical field of machines. The abrasive belt grinding and polishing machine solves the problems that the portion, on the inner side of an abrasive belt, of a machine frame of an existing abrasive belt grinding and polishing machine is large in occupied space, and polishing is affected. The abrasive belt grinding and polishing machine comprises a machine frame, a driving wheel, a driven wheel and an abrasive belt, wherein the driving wheel, the driven wheel and the abrasive belt are arranged on the machine frame. A rotary plate is arranged on the machine frame, a plurality of grinding wheels evenly distributed with the rotating center of the rotary plate as the center of the circle are connected to the periphery of the rotary plate, the curvature of the surface of the edges of all the grinding wheels are different, the rotary plate can move in the axis direction of the grinding wheels, a drive mechanism is arranged on the machine frame, and the drive mechanism can drive the rotary plate to move in the axis direction of the grinding wheels to the inner side of the abrasive belt and make the edges of the grinding wheels be right opposite to the inner side of the abrasive belt. The abrasive belt grinding and polishing machine has the advantages that the space, on the inner side of the abrasive belt, of the machine frame is saved, and grinding accuracy and practical value are high.