The invention provides a surface temperature
estimation method based on an atmospheric scale factor, and the method comprises the steps: firstly achieving the function expression of dual-channel
radiation energy and the expression of dual-channel surface temperature based on a Planck law and a
radiation transmission equation, and obtaining a cost function for correcting an
atmospheric profile error; acquiring
satellite observation
radiation data and an
atmospheric profile product; obtaining the average surface
emissivity of a target pixel from an existing
emissivity product; and selecting a scale factor, substituting the scale factor into the cost function to carry out iterative correction on an
atmospheric profile, and determining the scale correction of the atmospheric profile and the
estimation result of the surface temperature by taking the surface temperature corresponding to a minimum value of the cost function as an approximate
truth value. According to the method,
atmospheric water vapor correction and surface temperature
estimation under various observation conditions are realized through an iterative correction mode, the method does not depend on any
empirical relationship, higher inversion stability and universality are achieved, and the method is not only suitable for extremely-dry and extremely-wet atmospheric environments, but also can ensure the precision under multiple observation angles.