274 results about "Solar spectra" patented technology

A concentrating photovoltaic module is provided which provides a concentration in the range of about 500 to over 1,000 suns and a power range of a few kW to 50 kW. A plurality of such modules may be combined to form a power plant capable of generating over several hundred megaWatts. The concentrating photovoltaic module is based on a Photovoltaic Cavity Converter (PVCC) as an enabling technology for very high solar-to-electricity conversions. The use of a cavity containing a plurality of single junction solar cells of different energy bandgaps and simultaneous spectral splitting of the solar spectrum employs a lateral geometry in the spherical cavity (where the cell strings made of the single junction cells operate next to each other without mutual interference). The purpose of the cavity with a small aperture for the pre-focused solar radiation is to confine (trap) the photons so that they can be recycled effectively and used by the proper cells. Passive or active cooling mechanisms may be employed to cool the solar cells.

A composition for a Coating System (paint) which forms an insulating material being designed to both reflect infrared radiation and have reduced thermal conductivity. The coating system may be either a single Thermal Coating or may be a Thermal Coating used in combination with a Thermal Primer. The Thermal Coating is formulated using conventional techniques and a resin used in paint manufacture, but utilizes primary pigments and extender mineral pigments which preferentially reflect in the infra red area of the solar spectrum. A method of characterizing particulate materials for their infra red reflectivity is described, which provides a means for preferential selection of particulate additives based on their relative visible light and infrared reflectivity. Additionally the incorporation of hollow micro-spheres is desired to reduce thermal conductivity. The Thermal Primer is designed to provide adhesion between the Thermal Coating and the substrate on which it is applied and uses conventional techniques to achieve those properties. However it has been found advantageous to incorporate hollow micro-spheres with low thermal conductivity, such as glass, ceramic or polymeric micro-spheres and / or an extender pigment with low thermal conductivity such as calcined clay to further reduce heat flow through the Coating System.

The invention relates to a non-vacuum solar spectrum selective absorption coating and a preparation method thereof. The preparation method comprises the following steps: (1) selecting copper or stainless steel with low infrared emissivity as a base material; (2) selecting oxide resistant to high-temperature oxidation, nitride and complex or doped oxide as a film material, wherein a metal or an alloy serves as a bonding force increased layer, metal nitride or pure metal serves as a high infrared reflecting layer, an absorption layer is composed of two conducting particle ceramic layers with different metal nitride conducting particle volume fractions, and aluminium nitride and aluminium oxide serve as an antireflection layer; (3) controlling the components and contents of different film materials by controlling gas flow and sputtering power; (4) cleaning the base material before the base material is placed into a vacuum chamber, and carrying out argon ion bombarding on the surface of the base material before sputtering is carried out; and (5) obtaining a multilayer coating, wherein the thickness of the coating is less than 500nm, and the coating has high absorption rate alpha (0.9-0.97) in the solar spectrum range (0.3-2.5microns) and has extremely low emissivity epsilon (0.02-0.18) in the infrared region (2.5-50microns).

An optical based identification system that is easily deployable and can be used in broad daylight. Fluorescent semiconductor nanocrystals (quantum dots) that fluoresce at specific wavelengths are distributed in a suitable polymer. The resulting mixture can then be applied as paint or on an adhesive label for application to a portion of any equipment or member of a friendly unit. The system also has a corresponding detectional processing unit which may be mounted on ordnance or on any other equipment such as aircraft. The detection unit uses a laser, which when active, causes a laser beam to strike the paint or adhesive able applied to the friendly unit. This causes the quantum dots to fluoresce. The fluorescence of the quantum dots can be detected by the sensor portion of the detection / processing unit. The sensor portion then transmits the data generated by the detected fluorescence to a data processing portion detection / processing unit such as a corresponding signal to the equipment operator or, if the unit is mounted on ordnance that has been launched to the warhead to deactivate the warhead. To overcome the effects of broad daylight on an optical system, the quantum dots can be detected by the sensor portions of the detection / processing unit. The sensor portion then transmits the data generated by the detected fluorescence to a data processing portion which decodes the data. If the decoded data indicates a friendly unit, the detection / processing unit sends a corresponding signal to the equipment operator or, if the unit is mounted on ordnance that has been launched to the warhead to deactivate the warhead. To overcome the effects of broad daylight on an optical system, the quantum dots are engineered to fluoresce at wavelengths corresponding to the absorption lines of the solar spectrum, more commonly known as Fraunhofer lines.

The invention discloses a high-efficiency low-cost copper indium gallium selenium / perovskite double-junction solar photocell prepared through an all-solution method. The double-junction solar photocell comprises a metal back electrode, a copper indium gallium selenium absorbing layer, a P-type buffer layer, a window layer, a carrier composite layer, a hole transporting layer, a perovskite absorbing layer, an electron transporting layer and a transparent oxide electrode. The high-efficiency double-junction solar photocell can be prepared through the all-solution method and has the advantages of being low in cost and capable of being produced on a large scale. Copper indium gallium selenium and perovskite serve as the absorbing layers of sunlight; on one hand, the copper indium gallium selenium with the adjustable bandwidth and the high-conversion-efficiency perovskite made of broadband gap materials can effectively cover solar spectra and be utilized efficiently; on the other hand, both the copper indium gallium selenium and the perovskite can be prepared through the all-solution method, so a whole laminating device can have higher conversion efficiency and maintain low production cost at the same time.

The invention provides a non-vacuum solar spectrum selective absorption film and a preparation method thereof. The absorption film comprises a stainless steel or copper substrate which is successivelyprovided with a titanium-aluminum film, a titanium-aluminum-nitrogen film, a titanium-aluminum-oxygen-nitrogen film and a titanium-aluminum-oxygen film from inside to outside, wherein the films are prepared by adopting multi-arc ion plating; a target material adopts titanium-aluminum alloy target of which the atomic ratio of titanium to aluminum is 50:50; and the content of nitrogen and / or oxygenin the films is controlled by controlling the flow of argon, nitrogen and oxygen in the atmosphere of multi-arc ion plating. The method comprises: (1) selecting and cleaning a substrate material; (2)baking the substrate material in a vacuum sputtering chamber of a multi-target compound coating machine; (3) performing argon-ion bombardment on the surface of the substrate material; (4) coating thesubstrate material; and (5) performing annealing treatment. The absorption film has the advantages of high absorptivity alpha in a solar spectral range (0.3 to 2.5 microns), low emissivity epsilon inan infrared region (2 to 50 microns) and the characteristic of resisting high-temperature oxidation, thereby meeting the requirements of solar high-temperature utilization.

An organic solar cell material and the preparation thereof belong to the field of organic photoelectric materials. The invention discloses an organic solar cell material which contains C60-triphenylamine-thiofuran ternary system which is a fullerene-contained D-A (Donor-Accepter) type difunctional material, wherein the triphenylamine and the thiofuran are in stellated structure. Compared with the fullerene, the compound has greatly improved solubility in organic solvent, so that the process for manufacturing the large-area solar cell is simplified, stronger absorption is ensured in a visible region with a maximum of about 500 nm that is similar to the maximum of solar radiation energy of 475 nm, matching of the compound and solar spectrum radiation is enhanced, solar spectrum response of the material, as well as the photoelectric conversion efficiency is improved. In the invention, the compound can be polymerized on a macromolecule through simple ligand modification, and is made into PLED by spin coating, so as to overcome the defects of possible decomposition by heating and poor crystallization-resistant performance of the small-molecule luminescent material in the evaporation process.

The invention relates to a solar spectrum selective absorbing film and a preparation method thereof, the solar spectrum selective absorbing film comprises a film coated substrate, an infrared reflection layer, an absorption layer and an antireflection layer are sequentially covered on the surface of the substrate from interior to exterior; the infrared reflection layer is a sputtering deposition layer containing titanium element plus aluminium element plus silicon element, the absorption layer is the sputtering deposition layer containing aluminum nitrogen cluster plus titanium nitrogen cluster plus silicon nitrogen cluster plus aluminum titanium silicon cluster; the antireflection layer is the sputtering deposition layer containing aluminum nitrogen cluster plus titanium nitrogen cluster plus silicon nitrogen cluster; the solar spectrum selective absorbing film and the preparation method of the invention adopt the sputtering technology of the titanium silicon alloy target and the aluminium alloy target; the full color absorption rate Alpha to solar spectrum of a solar energy heat collecting tube adopting the invention is not less than 94 percent, the total emissivity Epsilon is not more than 4.5 percent, and the air drying performance of the solar energy heat collecting tube can be improved 21.33 percent. The solar spectrum selective absorbing film can be used under the temperature of higher than 400 DEG C all year around.

A method for calibrating a spectrometer, while orbiting a celestial body, includes the steps of: (a) obtaining an estimate of radiance emanating from the celestial body; (b) raster scanning the celestial body using the spectrometer; (c) measuring filtered radiance of the celestial body based on step (b); and (d) determining gain of the spectrometer using steps (a) and (c). A calibrated spectrometer of the present invention is based on the determined gain of step (d). The method includes the step of: (e) raster scanning another celestial body to determine the albedo radiance of the other celestial body, after determining gain of the spectrometer in step (d). The celestial body may be the moon and the other celestial body may be the Earth.

The invention relates to a reflection layer system RSS and to a method for the production thereof for front-surface mirrors for solar applications, comprising a layer that is highly reflective in the solar spectrum on a substrate S. In order to achieve such a reflection layer system RSS on curved and flat substrates S while keeping the use of material low and obtaining higher TSR values, deposited on the substrate S are a metallic, reflective functional layer F, a metallic reflective layer R, and a transparent, dielectric protective layer as a top layer D, which contains an oxide, nitride or oxynitride of a metal or semiconductor and the thickness of which is 500 nm or more, preferably more than 1 [mu]m.

The invention relates to a system and method for enabling solar concentrating photovoltaic and medium-and low-temperature thermochemistry to jointly generate energy by using spectral frequency division and belongs to the solar full spectrum technical field. According to the technical schemes of the invention, a spectral frequency divider is arranged under a Fresnel lens; the spectral frequency divider divides solar spectra at 1200nm wavelength; sunlight of which the wavelength is smaller than 1200nm is transmitted to the surface of a concentrating photovoltaic battery; sunlight of which the wavelength is larger than 1200nm is transmitted to a medium-and low-temperature thermochemical reaction device and a low-temperature heat exchanger so as to provide heat energy required by an endothermic reaction; the low-temperature heat exchanger and the medium-and low-temperature thermochemical reaction device are communicated with each other through a pipeline so as to form a loop; and therefore, the full-spectrum utilization of solar energy is achieved under a condition that the thermal coupling of the concentrating photovoltaic battery and the thermochemical reaction device is avoided; andthe spectral frequency division technology is adopted, so that the temperature of the concentrating photovoltaic battery can be decreased from the source, and therefore, the normal operation of the photovoltaic battery can be ensured, and high-grade thermal energy of a higher temperature can be obtained to provide energy required by medium-and low-temperature thermochemical reactions.

The invention relates to a variable-spectrum solar simulator for characterising photovoltaic systems. The simulator can be used to obtain a spectrum adjusted to the solar spectrum, both for a standard spectrum or a real spectrum adjusted to local irradiation conditions. The simulator also allows the spatial-angular characteristics of the sun to be reproduced. The invention comprises: a broad-spectrum light source, the flux from which is emitted through an aperture; an optical system which collimates the primary source; a system which disperses the beam chromatically; an optical system which forms an image of the dispersed primary source at a given position, at which a spatial mask is placed in order to filter the received irradiance spectrally; an optical system which captures the filtered spectrum and returns, mixes and concentrates same in a secondary source with the desired spectral, angular, and spatial characteristics; an optical system which collimates the secondary source such that it reproduces the angular characteristics of the sun; and a control system.

The invention discloses a laser chemical order controllable preparation method of a monocrystalline silicon inverted pyramid suede. The laser chemical order controllable preparation method comprises the following steps of 1 performing laser scanning, tapping and positioning, namely utilizing software to draw a required felting graph (computer aided design (CAD) drawing), performing the scanning and the tapping on the surface of a cleaned silicon wafer through picoseconds laser according to the graph to form a micron-sized inverted-cone-shaped suede with evenly-distributed holes; 2 performing acid washing of the poroid suede, firstly using hydrogen fluoride (HF) to perform the acid washing and then using distilled water to perform the washing; 3 performing acid washing of a poroid suede layer, firstly using the HF to perform acid washing and then using ultrapure water to perform washing; 4 preparing the inverted pyramid suede, namely placing a sample subjected to the acid washing into a prepared alkaline solution to perform heating in water bath so as to prepare the micron-sized inverted pyramid suede. A preparing and mask-removing process is omitted and replaced by a laser scanning and tapping technology, and the size and the shape of a felting region can be customized through the software (CAD). The monocrystalline silicon inverted pyramid suede has excellent reflection-reducing effect on a 400-700nm wave band with intensive solar spectrum photons, and the reflection rate reaches up to 5%.

The invention belongs to the technical field of solar cells, and particularly relates to a method for manufacturing a novel light-trapping synergetic antireflection structure on the basis of an LSP (localized surface plasma) effect. The method includes etching a cone shape on the surface of monocrystalline silicon by alkali; and depositing a layer of discontinuous silver nanoparticles on the surface of a cone by means of sputtering and annealing to obtain the novel light-trapping structure with the silver nanoparticles and a cone structure which are compounded with one another. The reflectivity of the novel light-trapping synergetic antireflection structure is reduced by 3.4% within the total solar spectrum range as compared with a pure cone structure. The method for manufacturing the effective light-trapping structure includes simple and practical silicon wafer cleaning and silver nanoparticle sputtering and depositing technological procedures, and a constant-temperature wet etching means is combined with the LSP effect, so that an excellent antireflection effect is realized as compared with the traditional structure manufactured by alkaline etching, and design and manufacturing processes of the method provide novel technical means for improving the efficiency of silicon and the efficiency of a thin film silicon solar cell.

The invention provides a solar spectrum conversion resin and preparation and application methods of the solar spectrum inversion resin. The solar spectrum inversion resin is characterized in that a light conversion agent subjected to surface modification is mixed with solid PVB resin and molten; the melt is casted and extruded through an extruder to prepare a light conversion PVB resin film; or the light conversion agent is directly dispersed into liquid light curing glass resin to obtain light curing conversion glass resin, wherein the light conversion agent is one or two of a green-to-red light conversion agent, a red and blue double light conversion agent, a purple-to-blue light conversion agent and a purple-to-red light conversion agent; the particle size ranges from 0.01 to 5.0 microns; 0.05 to 5.0% by mass of light conversion agent is added to the resin; a surface modifier is prepared from one or two of methylsilicone oil, KH-570 and stearic acid, and 4 to 40% by mass of the surface modifier is added; the two light conversion resins can be used for preparing light conversion laminated glass which has all-day light conversion function and can absorb near ultraviolet or / and green light and emit blue light and / or red light; the light conversion laminated glass can be applied to a glass greenhouse to increase the photosynthesis of the crops as well as promoting the growth of plants; a purple / green-to-red light conversion PVC resin film can be applied to solar cell packaging, and therefore, the photovoltaic efficiency of a solar cell can be increased.

The invention discloses a novel N-type silicon hetero-junction battery with an IBC structure, wherein an Al2O3 thin film covers the front surface of an N-type silicon substrate; a Si3N4 thin film covers the Al2O3 thin film; intrinsic amorphous silicon and P-type amorphous silicon are deposited on the back surface of the N-type silicon substrate and are provided with a trench respectively; an N-type heavily doped region is arranged at the bottom of each trench; a negative electrode is arranged in each trench; and a positive electrode of the battery is arranged on the back surface of the P-type amorphous silicon. The invention also discloses a fabrication method of the battery. In the invention, since the amorphous silicon is deposited by laser doping and PECVD (plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition), a high-temperature diffusion process does not occur in the entire process, thereby maximally keeping the service life of minority carriers of the silicon substrate and reducing the damage of the high-temperature process to the N-type silicon substrate. Meanwhile, the battery with the IBC structure enables a battery plate to fully utilize the solar spectra so as to maximally improve the short-circuit current density of the battery; and the stability of the solar battery is improved due to no P-type heavily doped region exists.

The invention discloses a high-quality germanium selenide polycrystal thin film and a preparation method therefor, a solar battery comprising the germanium selenide polycrystal thin film and a preparation method therefor. The germanium selenide polycrystal thin film is 300-500nm in thickness; the preparation method adopts a closed space sublimation method; the preparation method is simple in process, short in reaction period and high in film forming quality; elements included in p type absorption layer material GeSe in the solar battery are all elements with relatively high content in the earth crust, so that the elements are rich in resource, free of toxins and environment friendly; the indirect energy gap is 1.12eV, the absorption edge wavelength is about 1,000nm, response to solar spectrum is in the most ideal solar spectrum band, and the light absorption coefficient is as high as 105cm<-1>; meanwhile, based on the sublimation characteristic of the thin film, the film can be formed rapidly based on the closed space sublimation method; and therefore, the formed compound thin film solar battery has excellent photovoltaic performance, environment protection and is expected to realize low-cost production.

The invention discloses a photovoltaic generation and photothermal heating ventilating high efficiency utilization device based on spectra separation, which relates to a device which achieves high efficiency photovoltaic generation and photothermal heating ventilating utilization based on solar spectra separation, and the device comprises a spectra separation component, a photovoltaic generation component and a photothermal heating ventilating component, wherein incident solar energy is decomposed to a photoelectric effective spectra part and a photoelectric ineffective spectra part by the spectra separation component. The photoelectric effective spectra part does photovoltaic generation through a photovoltaic battery component, and produces parts of dissipation heat energy simultaneously. The photoelectric ineffective spectra part is transformed to heat energy through a photothermal converter, and the heat energy and the dissipation heat energy which is produced by the photovoltaic generation can be jointly used as a driving heat source of the photothermal heating ventilating component. The heating ventilating component comprises a hot water generation component, a solution component, an air treatment component and a refrigeration component, and can achieve to supply cool or heat, desiccant or humidify for air. Biomass heat energy is used as an auxiliary heat source of the photothermal heating ventilating component. The device is particularly suitable for the heating ventilating modes which need to be supplied with fresh air or treat air.

The invention relates to a cadmium telluride / bismuth telluride integrated nano structure material with photo-thermal synergic electric generation. The preparation method comprises the following: depositing a cadmium telluride nanorod layer on a conducting surface of a conducting glass substrate, and depositing a tellurium-doped bismuth telluride layer on the surface of the cadmium telluride nanorod layer to constitute the cadmium telluride / bismuth telluride integrated nano structure material. The material can simultaneously convert light and heat in the solar spectrum into electric power, thereby implementing the effect of photo-thermal synergic utilization. The invention also discloses a preparation method of the cadmium telluride / bismuth telluride integrated nano structure material.

The invention provides a combined autonomous navigation method of a mars exploration approach section. The combined autonomous navigation method comprises the following steps: the step 1 of using a spacecraft-mounted sun sensor to measure the viewing direction of the sun and using a spacecraft-mounted solar-spectrum velocity-measurement navigation sensor to measure the relative movement velocity of a mars explorer to the sun; the step 2 of using a wireless responder to obtain distance and relative velocity information with a mars surrounding device; the step 3 of establishing an orbital dynamics equation and establishing a navigation system model under a J2000.0 heliocentric ecliptic inertial coordinate system and using a corresponding navigation filtering algorithm to obtain autonomous navigation position and velocity information. The combined autonomous navigation method disclosed by the invention avoids depending on ground wireless information, can achieve autonomous navigation of a spacecraft in a flying process by only needing optical information from the sun and the wireless information from the mars surrounding device, can establish a system equation of an autonomous navigation system of the explorer, utilizes different navigation filter algorithms to achieve real-time estimation of navigation information of the explorer and is simple, easy, practical and free of time delay.

The invention discloses a space remote sensing instrument on-board calibration method based on an LED segmented fitting solar spectrum. The method is characterized by comprising the following steps: selecting three-color LEDs through an algorithm to fit a standard solar spectrum curve corresponding to a spectrum channel of a space remote sensing instrument to obtain a calibration coefficient matrix K of the LEDs; sequentially igniting the LED light sources, and respectively introducing the LED light sources into the space remote sensing instrument and a transmission radiometer to obtain a responsivity matrix rhoTRc of the transmission radiometer when each LED is independently lightened; calculating the comprehensive response coefficient of each channel of the transmission radiometer as rho = K.rho < TRc > ' according the calibration coefficient matrix K of the LED and the transmission radiometer response rate matrix rho < TRc > under the condition of the monochromatic light source; simultaneously observing calibration light sources which are simultaneously lightened by the three-color LEDs through the transmission radiometer and the space remote sensing instrument to respectively obtain a channel response value matrix STR of the transmission radiometer; and calculating a response rate matrix rho IM = (SIM * / STR) * rho TR of each channel of the remote sensing instrument according to a response value matrix SIM of the space remote sensing instrument. According to the invention, high precision of on-board calibration of the space remote sensing instrument is ensured.

The invention discloses a system and a method for jointly producing energy by means of solar photocatalysis and medium and low-temperature thermal chemistry by the aid of spectrum frequency division, and belongs to the technical field of solar full spectra. The technical scheme mainly includes that a spectrum frequency divider is arranged right above a groove type reflecting mirror; solar energy with different spectra can be redistributed by the spectrum frequency divider, the solar spectra can be separated from one another at the wavelengths of 750 nm, sunlight with the wavelengths shorter than 750 nm is transmitted into a solar photocatalysis device for preparing hydrogen, sunlight with the wavelengths longer than 750 nm is transmitted to a low-temperature heat exchanger and a medium and low-temperature thermal chemical reaction device to provide heat energy required by heat absorption reaction, and the low-temperature heat exchanger and the medium and low-temperature thermal chemical reaction device are communicated with each other via pipelines to form circuits. The system and the method have the advantages that photocatalysis-medium and low-temperature thermal chemistry are jointly used, and accordingly waste heat can be recycled; each solar spectrum can be divided into two portions by the aid of spectrum frequency division technologies, accordingly, the hydrogen can be prepared by means of solar photocatalysis, the medium and low-temperature thermal chemistry can be efficiently utilized, energy can be saved, and the solar conversion efficiency can be improved.

The invention discloses a radiation refrigeration coating with a gradient structure and a preparation method and application thereof, and belongs to the field of novel materials. The invention provides the radiation refrigeration coating with a gradient structure. The coating comprises a polymer adhesive and inorganic powder which are blended, wherein the emissivity of the polymer adhesive in a middle-infrared band is higher than 0.85, the reflectivity of the inorganic powder in a solar spectrum band is higher than 0.85, and the content of the polymer adhesive is gradually reduced and the content of the inorganic powder is gradually increased in a direction far away from a radiation surface. In this way, it can be guaranteed that a large number of the polymer adhesive is located on the upper portion and the inorganic powder is located on the lower portion in the coating, and due to the fact that the polymer adhesive is used for emitting mid-infrared spectra and the inorganic powder ismainly used for reflecting solar spectra, a good refrigerating effect can be guaranteed. The polymer adhesive and the inorganic powder form the integrated coating, so that the problems of peeling, delaminating and the like caused by lamination of two layers of materials can be prevented, and the effects of balanced transition in structure and structural stability are achieved.

The invention discloses a surface plasmon enhanced InGaN / GaN multi-quantum well photoelectrode. A substrate is etached to form a nanorod structure penetrating through a p-GaN layer and going deep to amulti-quantum well active layer, and plasmon metal is filled in the position of the multi-quantum well active layer between nanorods. The invention also discloses an application of the electrode as aworking electrode of a solar photoelectrochemical cell, the produced solar photoelectrochemical cell and a production method of the solar photoelectrochemical cell. A top-down etching technology of aself-assembled Ni mask is adopted to regulate a distance between the plasma metal and the multi-quantum well in order to generate near field coupling, and the efficiency of generation and transportation of electron hole pairs on the surface of the multi-quantum well active region is effectively improved under the combined action of an electromagnetic field generated by the surface plasmon effectand a built-in electric field formed by the high doping concentration of the p-n region. The method is suitable for InGaN type photoelectrode materials with adjustable band gaps and matched with solarspectra.

The invention relates to the field of spectral measurement, in particular to a space-based broadband solar spectral irradiance monitor for counterglow observation, and discloses a light-splitting light path structure of a broad-spectrum solar spectral irradiance monitor. The problems of large aberration and low spectral resolution of an existing solar spectral irradiance monitor under the conditions of a broad spectrum range and large relative aperture are solved by the light-splitting light path structure. The spectral optical path structure structurally comprises an entrance slit 1, a hyperboloid reflector 8, an ion beam etching plane grating 9, an oblate ellipsoid reflector 10, a beam splitter 5, a first linear array detector 6 and a second linear array detector 7. The light-splitting light path structure has the advantages of simple structure, high stability, high spectral resolution and the like.

The invention relates to a preparation method of porous polydimethylsiloxane with a daytime radiation refrigeration function. The method comprises the following steps: firstly synthesizing a micron-sized NaCl pore-foaming agent, and controlling the distribution and size of pores in the synthesized porous PDMS by controlling the size and dosage of the micron-sized NaCl pore-foaming agent to realize daytime radiation refrigeration of the porous PDMS without additional conditions. According to pores in the porous polydimethylsiloxane, on one hand, the mid-infrared emissivity (compared with nonporous PDMS) of PDMS is improved, light of a solar spectrum band is scattered, and on the other hand, air in the pores isolates heat exchange between a heat dissipation object and the surrounding environment. The synergistic thermo-optic effect ensures the excellent radiation refrigeration effect of the porous PDMS film; according to the method, the preparation process is simple, the cost is low, and batch preparation can be realized; and no extra metal or polymer reflecting layer needs to be added in the whole preparation process, and 95% of solar radiation can be reflected by utilizing the pore structure of the porous PDMS.

The invention discloses a radiation refrigeration fiber design method and a radiation refrigeration fiber. The radiation refrigeration fiber design method comprises the steps of 1, selecting micro-nano granular materials of different grain sizes within a preset range, and calculating scattering efficiency curves of the micro-nano granular materials of the different grain sizes; 2, forming multipleequivalent structures, and calculating reflectivity data, corresponding to a visible-near-infrared band, of the multiple equivalent structures; 3, according to a preset reflectivity formula, conducting fitting on the reflectivity data obtained in step 2, and conducting further extrapolation to obtain more reflectivity data; and 4, according to the reflectivity data obtained through extrapolationof step 3, calculating the weighting reflectivity, corresponding to the visible-near-infrared band, of all the equivalent structures under a preset solar spectrum, and according to the weighting reflectivity, obtaining optimal grain sizes, under different thicknesses, of micro-nano grains. By means of the design method, the optimal grain sizes of the filling nano grains are quickly determined forpreset materials within the preset fiber thickness range so that the highest solar spectrum reflection efficiency can be achieved under a preset volume percentage.

The invention discloses a nano-particle system with an antireflection microstructure and a preparation method of the nano-particle system as well as a method for preparing an optical energy absorber of a solar heat collector by using the nano-particle system and the solar heat collector. The method for preparing the nano-particle system comprises the steps of selecting and preprocessing of butterfly wings, settling of precious metal nano-particles, settling of sulfur group semiconductor nano-particles and the like. Large scale is realized by the prepared nano-particle system, and the nano-particle system has the antireflection microstructure of the butterfly wings. The anno-particle system has high-absorption and reflection performance nearly in the whole solar spectral band, has excellent photothermal converting performance and has the photothermal conversion efficiency of 30.56%, and the solar energy absorption ratio of the optical energy absorber of the solar heat collector prepared by the nano-particle system can achieve 98%.

A photovoltaic component that includes at least one first array of photovoltaic nano-cells is disclosed. Each photovoltaic component includes an optical nano-antenna exhibiting an electromagnetic resonance in a first resonant spectral band, at least one lateral dimension of the optical nano-antenna being subwavelength in size, and a spectral conversion layer allowing at least part of the solar spectrum to be converted to said first resonant spectral band.