The invention provides a broadband high spectral resolution imaging system for foundation-to-moon observation, and relates to the technical field of imaging spectrum and radiometric calibration, and can solve the problem that a foundation-to-moon observation system employing an existing optical filter type spectrum imager is narrow in wave band, less in number of spectra sections, discontinuous in spectral observation and low in the spectral resolution. The system comprises a primary mirror, a secondary mirror, an incident slit, a wedge form color separation film, a first VNIR reflector, a VNIR convex raster, a second VNIR reflector, a VNIR plane turnover mirror, a VNIR level selection optical filter, a VNIR focal plane detector, a first IR reflector, an IR convex raster, a second IR reflector, an IR level selection optical filter and an IR focal plane detector. The broadband high spectral resolution imaging system for foundation-to-moon observation utilizes the moon-to-earth motion to adjust the angle of a rotary table to realize broadband and high resolution scanning observation of the whole moon disc. The broadband high spectral resolution imaging system for foundation-to-moon observation utilizes the wedge form color separation film to realize simultaneous detection of the visible near-infrared wave band and infrared wave band, and has the advantages of being wide in wave band, increasing the number of spectra sections, being continuous in spectral observation, and being high in spectral resolution and spectral purity.