The invention provides a cloud robot distributed control system and a method based on a dynamic Agent. The system comprises a knowledge base Agent and a core Agent. The method comprises the steps of building a cloud robot ROS (Read-Only-Storage) node; deploying the knowledge base Agent; receiving a task instruction through a cloud robot, connecting the core Agent to an Internet so as to build reliable communication connection between the core Agent and the knowledge base Agent, and applying to the knowledge base Agent for downloading; receiving a download request through the knowledge base Agent, searching for a corresponding function application, downloading the corresponding function application into an operating system ROS of a local cloud robot, and regarding the corresponding function application as the dynamic Agent; activating the dynamic Agent through the core Agent, executing the task through the core Agent, and returning a task execution result to a user through the core Agent; and after the completion of the task, controlling the dynamic Agent to unload a cloud computing Agent through the core Agent, then unloading the dynamic Agent through the core Agent, and realizing dynamic unloading. According to the cloud robot distributed control system and the method based on the dynamic Agent provided by the invention, the problem that the computing capacity and the functions are limited when the cloud robot executes the complex task is solved, the on-demand loading and the dynamic unloading of the cloud robot functions are realized, and the computing resources and the storage resources of the cloud robot can be saved.