A construction method of a stem cell bank for preventing and treating novel coronavirus pneumonia comprises the following steps of: collecting residual amniotic fluid cells, newborn umbilical cord blood, umbilical cord and placenta tissues after prenatal diagnosis, carrying out stem cell induction, immortalized gene transfection, novel coronavirus targeted interference gene assembly, novel coronavirus susceptibility gene knockout or knock-in and novel coronavirus antibody generation gene assembly to prepare immortalized stem cells, DNA recombinant stem cells, RNA interference stem cells, gene silencing stem cells and various stem cell vector vaccines for preventing and treating novel coronavirus pneumonia, collecting the prepared stem cell products in -196 DEG C liquid nitrogen in a centralized mode according to donor names, ABO blood types or HLA types, and establishing a renewable special stem cell bank. When the novel coronavirus is epidemic, various types of stem cells or vaccines thereof can be extracted from the stem cell bank to be cultured and amplified, and individualized treatment is performed by the patient's own or homologous stem cells, so that side effects such as immunological rejection and the like of traditional stem cell or vaccine prevention and treatment are reduced, and the problem of lack of COVID-19 special-effect medicines and stem cells is solved.