146 results about "Insulin receptor" patented technology

The present invention is directed to a novel Afx response element comprising the nucleotide sequence AACATGTT, said nucleotide sequence having a DNA binding site for the human fork head transkription factor Afx. The invention also relates to the use of the Afx response element in the screening for genes as diabetes drug targets and in the bioinformatic analysis of the human genome, said genes in turn being useful in other screening methods for compounds modifying the insulin receptor signaling pathway. A further aspect of the invention is a vector construct comprising the novel nucleotide sequence, a host cell transformed with said vector construct as well as the fusion protein expressed by said host cell.

A humanized murine antibody is provided that binds to the human insulin receptor (HIR). The humanized murine antibody is suitable for use as a Trojan horse to deliver pharmaceutical agents to human organs and tissue that express the HIR. The humanized munne antibody is especially well suited for delivering neuropharmaceutical agents from the blood stream to the brain across the blood brain barrier (BBB). The humanized murine antibody may be genetically fused to the pharmaceutical agent or it may be linked to the pharmaceutical agent using an avidin-biotin conjugation system.

Antibody molecules, in particular fully human antibodies that bind to human IGF-1 and cross-react with IGF-2 such that binding of IGF-1 and IGF-2 to the IGF-1 receptor is prevented and IGF-1 receptor-mediated signaling is inhibited. The antibodies do not bind to insulin and thus do not affect the mitogenic properties of insulin that are mediated by its binding to the insulin receptors. The antibodies are useful for the treatment of hyperproliferative diseases, in particular cancer.

A humanized murine antibody is provided that binds to the human insulin receptor (HIR). The humanized murine antibody is suitable for use as a Trojan horse to deliver pharmaceutical agents to human organs and tissue that express the HIR. The humanized murine antibody is especially well suited for delivering neuropharmaceutical agents from the blood stream to the brain across the blood brain barrier (BBB). The humanized murine antibody may be genetically fused to the pharmaceutical agent or it may be linked to the pharmaceutical agent using an avidin-biotin conjugation system.

Antibodies that modulate insulin receptor signaling are provided.

Identification of the human insulin receptor binding site sequence of certain spatial molecular structures conforming to such binding site and of certain insulinomimetic sequences including the binding site sequence are disclosed.

Provided herein are methods and compositions for treating a subject suffering from a deficiency in arylsulfatase A in the CNS. The methods include systemic administration of a bifunctional fusion antibody comprising an antibody to a human insulin receptor and an arylsulfatase A.

A fusion protein for delivery of a wide variety of agents to a cell via antibody-receptor-mediated endocytosis comprises a first segment and a second segment: the first segment comprising a variable region of an antibody that recognizes an antigen on the surface of a cell that after binding to the variable region of the antibody undergoes antibody-receptor-mediated endocytosis, and, optionally, further comprises at least one domain of a constant region of an antibody; and the second segment comprising a protein domain selected from the group consisting of avidin, an avidin mutein, a chemically modified avidin derivative, streptavidin, a streptavidin mutein, and a chemically modified streptavidin derivative. Typically, the antigen is a protein. Typically, the protein antigen on the surface of the cell is a receptor such as a transferrin receptor-or an insulin receptor. The invention also includes an antibody construct incorporating the fusion protein that is either a heavy chain or a light chain together with a complementary light chain or heavy chain to form an intact antibody molecule. The invention further includes targeting methods and screening methods.

Antibodies that modulate insulin receptor signaling are provided.

The inventive medicinal agent comprises antibodies against beta-subunit of insulin receptor in an activated form produced by means of repeated serial dilution and an external action performed according to homeopathic technology. The inventive method for producing a solid medicinal formulation for perorally treating fatness, diabetes, and other diseases associated with impaired glucose tolerance, consists in mixing the effective amount of carrier, which is showered in a fluidised layer by a water-alcohol dilution of antibodies in the form active against the beta-subunit of the insulin receptor produced by combining the repeated serial dilution, thereby reducing the concentration of antibodies, and an external action according to homeopathic technology, and is dried at a temperature equal to or less than 35° C., with pharmaceutically acceptable additives and in subsequently pelleting the mixture thus obtained by means of direct dry compression.

The invention relates to a cell surface receptor biochip based on a surface plasmon resonance biosensor, a preparation method and application thereof. The biochip is characterized in that the chip is provided with a gold surface coating at a glass substrate and the gold surface is fixed with a sephadex layer which is fixed with the monoclonal antibody of the Beta subunit of the receptors of anti para-insulin and surface receptors are fixed by antibody capture. The preparation method includes that the monoclonal antibody of the Beta subunit of the receptors of anti para-insulin adopts the method of antibody capture and is fixed on the surface of CM5 chip based on the surface plasmon resonance biosensor, so as to produce the protein chip of para-insulin receptors which is applicable to the mutual action between IGF-1R and IRS-1, SHC, PI3K or GRB2 and hopeful to be applied to screening cancer-fighting drugs.

The present invention relates to novel modalities of treatment of diabetes, and other diseases caused by dysfunctional signal transduction by insulin receptor type tyrosine kinases (IR-PTK). Applicants discovered that IR-PTK activity may be modified by modulating the activity of a tyrosine phosphatase, and IR-PTK signal transduction may be triggered even in the absence of ligand. Methods for identifying compounds that, by modulating RPTPalpha or RPTPepsi activity, elicit or modulate insulin receptor signal transduction are also described.

Peptides are provided that antagonize the interaction of IGF-1 with its binding proteins, insulin receptor, and IGF receptor. These IGF antagonist peptides are useful in treating disorders involving IGF-1 as a causative agent, such as, for example, various cancers.

The invention features a method of identifying an agent and generating an antibody that can cross the blood bram barrier, through the use of novel antigen isoforms of transmembrane domain protein 30A (TMEM30A) This is useful in establishing mechanisms of transmigration across the blood-bram barrier. These antigens are enriched in bram endothelium compared to other endothelial cells and may have better selectivity and capacity for bram delivery compared to transferrin and insulin receptors One antigen is TMEM30A.

A method of treating a patient includes administering a physiologically effective amount of an insulin analogue or a physiologically acceptable salt thereof to the patient. The insulin analogue or physiologically acceptable salt thereof contains an insulin A-chain sequence modified at positions selected from the group consisting of A0, A1, A4, A8, and A21. The insulin analogue may exhibit decreased affinity for the IGF receptor in comparison to wild type insulin of the same species and at least 20% of the affinity of wild-type insulin for the insulin receptor of the same species. Position A0 may be arginine. Position A1 may be D-alanine, D-aspartic acid, or D-leucine. Position A8 may be histidine, lysine, or arginine. Optionally, an insulin B-chain analogue sequence comprises a histidine at position B1. A nucleic acid may encode such an insulin polypeptide.

A combination of constituents for oral administration by women with polycystic ovarian syndrome includes α-lipoic acid, linolenic acid complex, biotin, and coenzyme Q-10. A preferred method of manufacture is by separate microencapsulation of one or more of the components followed by encapsulation of the individual components, for oral administration. Other methods of delivery include packaging in impermeable, disposable packets and mixing the formulations with food or a cold liquid. A combination of constituents for administration by either men or women to encourage increase in brain insulin levels and / or brain insulin receptor functionality also includes α-lipoic acid, linolenic acid complex, biotin, and coenzyme Q-10.

Provided herein are methods and compositions for treating a subject suffering from a deficiency in arylsulfatase A in the CNS. The methods include systemic administration of a bifunctional fusion antibody comprising an antibody to a human insulin receptor and an arylsulfatase A.

Antibody molecules, in particular fully human antibodies that bind to human IGF-1 and cross-react with IGF-2 such that binding of IGF-1 and IGF-2 to the IGF-1 receptor is prevented and IGF-1 receptor-mediated signaling is inhibited. The antibodies do not bind to insulin and thus do not affect the mitogenic properties of insulin that are mediated by its binding to the insulin receptors. The antibodies are useful for the treatment of hyperproliferative diseases, in particular cancer.

Peptides are provided that antagonize the interaction of IGF-1 with its binding proteins, insulin receptor, and IGF receptor. These IGF antagonist peptides are useful in treating disorders involving IGF-1 as a causative agent, such as, for example, various cancers.

α2-Heremans Schmid Glycoprotein (AHSG) inhibits insulin-induced autophosphorylation of the insulin receptor (IR) and IR-tyroskine kinase (TK) activity; genetic ablation of the Ahsg gene enhances insulin signal transduction and increase whole-body insulin sensitivity. Therefor, AHSG and its gene(s) are useful targets for agents that inhibit the development or progression of Type II diabetes or any disease or disorder associated with increased insulin resistance. Provided herein is a method for inhibiting the biological activity of AHSG protein in a cell using compounds that inhibit phosphorylation of AHSG. Also disclosed is a method of augmenting the phosphorylation or IR-TK activity in a liver or muscle cell by providing a compound that lowers the amount of active AHSG or inhibits the biological activity of AHSG. Such effects may be achieved by delivering an antisense nucleic acid construct that hybridizes with AHSG encoding DNA. This invention includes a method (a) treating a subject that is susceptible to, or suffers from, obesity and insulin resistance or (b) increasing insulin sensitivity, and thereby preventing or treating insulin resistance in the subject. The method comprises lowering the amount of active AHSG or inhibiting the biological activity of AHSG in the subject, preferably in liver or muscle, by using AHSG antisense constructs or an anti-AHSG antibody. In a subject eating a high fat diet, the effect on body weight gain and / or insulin resistance is diminished, and total body fat content is lowered, by lowering the amount of active AHSG or inhibiting the action of the AHSG in the subject using the agents noted above.

A pharmaceutical formulation comprises an insulin analogue or a physiologically acceptable salt thereof, wherein the insulin analogue or a physiologically acceptable salt thereof contains an insulin A-chain sequence that contains paired Histidine substitutions at A4 and A8, and optionally a substitution at A21. The formulation further contains a pharmaceutically acceptable buffer containing at least about 4 zinc ions per 6 insulin analogue molecules. The formulation forms a long-acting zinc-dependent subcutaneous depot upon subcutaneous injection. In a zinc-free formulation, the insulin analogue monomer exhibits decreased affinity for the Insulin-like Growth Factor receptor and at least 20% of the affinity for the insulin receptor of the same species, in comparison to an otherwise identical insulin or insulin analogue that does not contain the HisA4 and HisA8 substitutions.

Presence of free insulin receptor α-subunit in blood was discovered. Furthermore, methods for measuring the insulin receptor α-subunit was provided, the method comprising the steps of contacting the insulin receptor α-subunit in a blood sample with an antibody recognizing the insulin receptor α-subunit, and detecting the binding between the two. Measurement of the free insulin receptor α-subunit in the blood is useful for evaluating risk factors for diabetes. In addition, the measurement methods of the present invention showed that concentrations of the free insulin receptor α-subunit in the blood of diabetes or cancer patients are significantly high. Free insulin receptor α-subunit in blood is useful as a marker for diabetes or cancer.

Insulin analogs comprising a non-native glycosylation site sequence are provided having high potency and specificity for the insulin receptor. In one embodiment a peptide sequence of greater than 18 amino acids is used as a linking moiety to link human insulin A and B chains, or analogs or derivatives thereof, to provide high potency single chain insulin analogs. In one embodiment the linking moiety comprises one or more glycosylation sites. Also disclosed are prodrug and conjugate derivatives of the insulin analogs.

The present invention relates to a composition to enhance joint function, reduce inflammation and homocysteine levels, and repair cartilage. The present invention relates to a nutritional supplement comprising a glucosamine-containing constituent, a chondroitin-containing constituent, methylsulfonylmethane, and at least one sulfur-containing amino acid. A preferred sulfur-containing amino acid is taurine. The nutritional supplement can also include folic acid, vitamins B6, B12, C. The nutritional supplement can also include chromium and lipoic acid to improve insulin receptor sensitivity.

Peptides are provided that antagonize the interaction of IGF-1 with its binding proteins, insulin receptor, and IGF receptor. These IGF antagonist peptides are useful in treating disorders involving IGF-1 as a causative agent, such as, for example, various cancers.

Means for determining the presence of the risk of drug-induced granulocytopenia in a human is provided. A method for assessing the risk of drug-induced granulocytopenia, including detecting a polymorphism of the human insulin receptor substrate-2 gene of a subject, and determining the presence of the risk of drug-induced granulocytopenia of the subject by use of the genetic polymorphism as an index.

It was discovered that insulin binding to insulin receptors signals the upregulation of expression of the liver enzyme deiodinase 1 (Dio1), which in turn activates the ApoA-1 promoter, thereby thereby increasing ApoA-1 expression (primarily in the liver), that in turn raises the levels of plasma ApoA-1, the major and necessary protein in HDLC. Certain embodiments of the invention are directed to methods for increasing circulating HDLC levels in an animal by administering therapeutically effective amounts of Dio1, or by increasing the level of Dio1 through gene therapy.

Compositions and methods are provided for increasing serum antioxidant levels, decreasing serum levels of oxidative chemical species, inhibiting insulin-receptor signaling activity, decreasing triglycerides levels, increasing serum ghrelin levels, and decreasing serum TNF-alpha levels. Compositions provided comprise a mixture of zinc-charged, fragmented proteins derived, for example, from serum or milk. Compositions are administered in a therapeutically effective amount to, for example, reduce oxidative stress levels in a mammalian subject.