103 results about "Intermediate band" patented technology

The invention relates to a solar cell containing a semiconductor (1) with an intermediate band (2) that is half filled with electrons, located between two layers of ordinary n type (3) and p type (4) semiconductors. When lighted, electron-hole pairs are formed either by a photon that absorbs the necessary energy (5) or by two photons (6,7) that absorb less energy which pump an electron from the valence band to the intermediate band (8) and from the latter to the conductance band (9). An electrical current is generated that exits on the p side and returns via the n side. The n and p layers also prevent the intermediate band from contacting the outer metal connections, which would have resulted in a short-circuit. Said cell converts solar energy into electricity in a more efficient manner than conventional cells and contributes to improvement of the photovoltaic devices.

A plurality of layers of a first semiconductor material and a plurality of dots-in-a-fence barriers disposed in a stack between a first electrode and a second electrode. Each dots-in-a-fence barrier consists essentially of a plurality of quantum dots of a second semiconductor material embedded between and in direct contact with two layers of a third semiconductor material. Wave functions of the quantum dots overlap as at least one intermediate band. The layers of the third semiconductor material are arranged as tunneling barriers to require a first electron and/or a first hole in a layer of the first material to perform quantum mechanical tunneling to reach the second material within a respective quantum dot, and to require a second electron and/or a second hole in a layer of the first semiconductor material to perform quantum mechanical tunneling to reach another layer of the first semiconductor material.

A plurality of quantum dots comprise a first inorganic material, and each quantum dot is coated with a second inorganic material. The coated quantum dots being are in a matrix of a third inorganic material. At least the first and third materials are photoconductive semiconductors. The second material is arranged as a tunneling barrier to require a charge carrier (an electron or a hole) at a base of the tunneling barrier in the third material to perform quantum mechanical tunneling to reach the first material within a respective quantum dot. A first quantum state in each quantum dot is between a conduction band edge and a valence band edge of the third material in which the coated quantum dots are embedded. Wave functions of the first quantum state of the plurality of quantum dots may overlap to form an intermediate band.

A disclosed radio communication apparatus includes an intermediate band detecting unit detecting an intermediate band which is a band between a first frequency band and a second frequency band which are allocated to a same mobile communication system or different mobile communication systems, a use status detecting unit detecting an uplink/downlink multiplexing method used in each of the first frequency band and the second frequency band, and a determination unit determining, based on the intermediate band and the uplink/downlink multiplexing method, the uplink/downlink multiplexing method usable in the intermediate band and a guard band in which use of frequencies are prevented, the guard band being included in the intermediate band.

A wideband signal analyzing apparatus for analyzing an input signal includes frequency-shifting means for generating a plurality of intermediate frequency signals by shifting a frequency of the input signal as much as respectively different frequency-shifting amounts, so that if a frequency band of the input signal is divided into a plurality of frequency bands, each of the frequency bands can be shifted to a predetermined intermediate band, spectrum measuring means for outputting a complex spectrum of each of the intermediate frequency signals, and spectrum reconstructing means for merging the complex spectra.

An infrared photodetector containing a region of semiconductor quantum dots (1), n type doped in the barrier region (2), and sandwiched between respective layers of semiconductors of n type (3) and p type (4). When infrared photons (5) are absorbed, they create electronic transitions (6) from the confined states in the dots (7) to the conduction band (8). This causes the appearance of a voltage between device p (9) and n (10) contacts or the production of an electrical current. In either way, the detection of the infrared light is possible. A low band-pass filter (12) prevents high energy photons (13) from entering the device and causing electronic transitions (14) from the valence (15) band to the conduction band (8).

With respect to audio signal coding and decoding apparatuses, there is provided a coding apparatus that enables a decoding apparatus to reproduce an audio signal even through it does not use all of data from the coding apparatus, and a decoding apparatus corresponding to the coding apparatus. A quantization unit constituting a coding apparatus includes a first sub-quantization unit comprising sub-quantization units for low-band, intermediate-band, and high-band; a second sub-quantization unit for quantizing quantization errors from the first sub-quantization unit; and a third sub-quantization unit for quantizing quantization errors which have been processed by the first sub-quantization unit and the second sub-quantization unit.

The invention concerns a method for optimizing elements of a narrow or intermediate band bandpass filter whereof the LC prototype has been determined. The invention is characterised in that it comprises steps which consist in: (i) breaking down several parallel or series capacitors of resonators with X elements, (ii) inserting pairs of transformers between the first and second separated element and the rest of the resonator, (iii) displacing the residual transformers to modify the impedance levels of the resonators, and (iv) absorbing the residual transformers by transformation. The invention also concerns the resulting filters.

The present invention relates to a solar cell and to a method of manufacturing thereof, the solar cell comprising: a layer of an n-doped semiconductor, a layer of a p-doped semiconductor and an intermediate band layer being disposed between the n-doped and the p-doped semiconductor layers, the intermediate band layer comprising: an amorphous semiconducting host material, a plurality of colloidal quantum dots embedded in the host material and substantially uniformly distributed therein, each quantum dot comprising a core surrounded by a shell, the shell comprising a material having a higher bandgap than that of the host material, and a plurality of metal nanoparticles embedded in the host material and located at least in a plane where a plurality of quantum dots are distributed.

A solar cell capable of restricting carrier loss and yields higher energy conversion efficiency than was conventionally possible and a method of producing a solar cell enabling formation of a light absorbing layer containing quantum dots through a low-temperature process using a coating or printing method requiring no vacuum equipment or complicated apparatuses. The solar cell includes a light absorbing layer containing quantum dots in a matrix layer, and the light absorbing layer is connected to an N-type semiconductor layer on one side and to a P-type semiconductor layer on the other side. In the light absorbing layer, the quantum dots are made of nanocrystalline semiconductor and arranged 3-dimensionally uniformly enough and spaced regularly so that a plurality of wave functions lie on one another between adjacent quantum dots to form intermediate bands. The matrix layer is formed of amorphous IGZO.

A method, apparatus and system for combining signals in a satellite delivery system is disclosed. A system in accordance with the present invention comprises a first set of satellite signals broadcast in a first frequency band, wherein the first set of satellite signals is downconverted to a first intermediate frequency band of signals, a second set of satellite signals broadcast in a second frequency band, wherein the second set of satellite signals is downconverted to a second intermediate frequency band of signals and a third intermediate frequency band of signals, a combiner for receiving the receiving the first intermediate frequency band of signals, the second intermediate frequency band of signals, and the third intermediate frequency band of signals, and combining the first intermediate frequency band of signals, the second intermediate frequency band of signals, and the third intermediate frequency band of signals into a delivery signal, a distribution unit, coupled to the combiner, for distributing the delivery signal to a plurality of outputs, and at least one receiver, coupled to an output of the plurality of outputs, wherein the at least one receiver processes at least the first intermediate band of signals in the delivery signal.

A synthetic aperture radar system using chaos signal comprises base band chaos signal generator, orthogonal modulator, the first and the second intermediate band-pass filter and amplifier, the first and the second mixer, power amplifier, low noise amplifier, coherent rectifier, A/D converter, data recorder, imaging processor, timer, frequency source, duplexer and antenna for easily clearing off noise signal and raising width of mapping belt.

The invention relates to a low-pass filter multi-scale full waveform inversion method of a cut-off time window. The method comprises the steps of firstly, in a low band, performing full waveform inversion using a cut-off time window inversion strategy to obtain an inversion result serving as an initial model for intermediate band inversion; and then performing full waveform inversion of a conventional time domain using the intermediate band inversion result as an initial model to obtain a final inversion result. The cut-off time window inversion strategy saves a lot forward time. The low-pass filter multi-scale inversion strategy can divide seismic data to different bands for inversion. A good inversion result can be obtained by using the cut-off time window and the low-pass filter together under the condition of low frequency deficiency and strong Gaussian noise interference. Model test results show that the combined strategy relieves a cycle-slip phenomenon while improving the calculation efficiency, and the low-pass filter multi-scale full waveform inversion method of the cut-off time window is superior to the full waveform inversion of the conventional time domain on the aspects of inversion precision, calculation efficiency, low-frequency dependency, anti-noise capability and the like.

A surface reflectivity of a solar cell is reduced by applying a nanopillar array including a plurality of nanopillars to the solar cell. Further, by constituting the nanopillars with a Si/SiGe superlattice and controlling a Ge composition ratio of a SiGe layer (2), excited electron and hole are spatially separated in different layers, thus increasing a carrier lifetime, and at the same time, an optical-electrical conversion efficiency is improved by a multi-exciton phenomenon due to a quantum confinement effect. In addition, by forming an intermediate band by thinning a Si layer (1) and the SiGe layer (2), a carrier extraction efficiency is improved.

Wireless receiver for receiving a plurality of co-existing wireless signals respectively from different positioning systems, includes an analog frontend and an analog-to-digital converting unit. The analog frontend is arranged to convert bands of the co-existing wireless signals into a plurality of corresponding intermediate bands by a local frequency and to provide an intermediate signal including the intermediate bands. The analog-to-digital converting unit is coupled to the analog frontend, and is arranged to convert the intermediate signal to a digital signal, wherein an operation band of the analog-to-digital converting unit covers the plurality of intermediate bands.

The invention discloses a preparation method of an intermediate band material based on ultrafast laser doping, which comprises the following steps: coating a titanium film on the surface layer of a silicon substrate by vaporization; and carrying out vaporization coating on the surface layer of the silicon material with the titanium film by ultrafast laser irradiation. By adopting a method of coating a titanium film on the silicon substrate by ultrafast laser irradiation, the doping concentration of titanium in the silicon material exceeds that of Mott transition titanium elements, and further the silicon-base intermediate band material is prepared, thereby solving the problem of high-concentration non-equilibrium titanium doping difficulty in the silicon material.

The invention discloses a MgIn2S4-based intermediate band solar energy absorbing material and a preparation method thereof, wherein the chemical formula is MgIn2-xSnxS4, 0 < x < 2, obtained by vacuumsolid-state reaction sintering process through the formation of a half-full intermediate band in the in-site doping element Sn of the parent compound MgIn2S4; Compared with the traditional solar cellmaterials, the above materials increase the electron absorption path and enhance the light absorption capacity.

A method, apparatus and system for sharing a local oscillator in a satellite signal delivery system is disclosed. A system in accordance with the present invention comprises a first set of satellite signals broadcast in a first frequency band, wherein the first set of satellite signals is downconverted to a first intermediate frequency band of signals, a second set of satellite signals broadcast in a second frequency band, wherein the second set of satellite signals is downconverted to a second intermediate frequency band of signals and a third intermediate frequency band of signals using the shared local oscillator, a first signal stacker for stacking the second intermediate frequency band of signals and the third intermediate frequency band of signals into a stacked signal, a second signal stacker for stacking the first intermediate frequency band of signals with the stacked signal into a delivery signal, a distribution unit, coupled to the combiner, for distributing the delivery signal to a plurality of outputs, and at least one receiver, coupled to an output of the plurality of outputs, wherein the at least one receiver processes at least the first intermediate band of signals in the delivery signal.

The present invention relates to an installation for receiving microwave frequency radio satellite signals, said installation comprising a first electric adder to add a first electrical signal representative of a radio signal according to a first polarization and transposed to a first intermediate band and a second electrical signal representative of a radio signal according to a first polarization and transposed to a second intermediate band and a second electric adder to add a first electrical signal representative of a radio signal according to a second polarization and transposed to the first intermediate band and a second electrical signal representative of a radio signal according to a second polarization and transposed to a second intermediate band.

The present invention relates to an expandable trolley comprising an interfaced pair of preferably rigid semi-bodies, between which a perimeter band of soft material is mounted and closed by a corresponding perimeter zipper; it being provided that said trolley is provided on the outside of said soft intermediate band with a basically perimeter second zipper, the toothed sides of which are mounted on the interfaced borders of said semi-bodies.