The invention discloses an improvement method for organic maturation of yellow mud fields. For an early season rice field, the improvement method includes the steps: 1), planting astragalus sinicus and applying inorganic fertilizer; 2), applying nitrogen fertilizer at a stage when astragalus sinicus sends forth a first true leaf, wherein scalar quantity of the nitrogen fertilizer is 6.9-10.35 kilograms per hectare; 3), reapplying the nitrogen fertilizer at a stage when astragalus sinicus grows vigorously, wherein scalar quantity of the nitrogen fertilizer is 17.25-34.5 kilograms per hectare; 4), taking astragalus sinicus as green manure to be returned to the field, and applying chemical fertilizer. For double cropping rice, the improvement method includes 1), directly returning straw of early season rice into field in situ, or applying livestock and poultry manure for soil maturation; 2), additionally applying nitrogen fertilizer, and adjusting C / N ratio of the straw; 3), applying rotten organic fertilizer or mushroom residue before seeding middle-season rice or late-season rice; 4), performing light dewatering and ventilating after transplanting of the middle-season rice or the late-season rice, and re-watering. By the improvement method, soil structure is improved, soil volume weight is lowered, soil cation exchange quantity is increased, community structure of soil microorganisms and soil enzyme activity are affected.