The invention relates to a tail-biting staircase code coding method. The tail-biting staircase code coding method comprises the following steps: 1) selecting an (n, k) linear block code as a component code, wherein n represents a code length, n belongs to (500, 5000), and k represents an information length before coding; and 2) grounding received information according to a mode in staircase codes, constructing a matrix B<1>, B<2>, B<3>, ..., B<n>, adding a full-zero matrix participating the coding to a lower part of B<1>, coding the residual matrix using the component code then, generating a check bit matrix while the coding, completing end-to-end connection of codes of a final matrix and a first matrix in a group then, finally replacing the full-zero matrix complemented in the B<1> with the check bit matrix, and completing the coding. The coding method is advantageous in that, through adoption of the novel coding scheme, the novel tail-biting staircase codes have a characteristic of the block code, coding processes between groups are mutually independent, information of each matrix in the groups is still contained in the two component codes, and error correction performance is guaranteed.