The invention discloses a hand automatic rehabilitation training system and training method of a hemiplegic patient. The hand automatic rehabilitation training system comprises a double-core embeddedmicroprocessor module, a front arm muscle body module, a surface electromyogram signal acquiring module, an electromyogram decoding module, a wireless communication module, a power source management module, a detection module, a rehabilitation glove module, a driving module which is used for driving a motor on each finger to work, a neural prosthesis module and an upper computer module. A driving-driven control strategy is adopted by the training method, and a wearable glove system and a human body control system can be linked to reshape motor nerves; a monotonous stimulation mode is changed,muscle fatigue is avoided, and the nervous function is rebuilt; by conducting blind source separation on a surface electromyogram signal, the decoding precision is improved, so that rehabilitation training pays more attention to improving the ADL capacity. The hand automatic rehabilitation training system and training method of the hemiplegic patient have the obvious advantages of being intelligent, high in practicability, convenient to use and the like; the patient can automatically conduct hand rehabilitation training at home, and the application value is high.