The invention discloses an oil production data frequent pattern mining method based on weak wildcard, and relates to the field of data mining. The oil production data frequent pattern mining method based on the weak wildcard comprises the steps that 1, oil field daily fluid production time series data is converted into a coding sequence; 2, the coding sequence is mined to obtain different types of frequent sequence patterns, and an oil well is comprehensively depicted from various angles. The method has the advantages that the mining problem of three frequent sequence patterns is defined, the different types of frequent patterns can be mined from actual oil well production data, and the oil well is comprehensively depicted from the different angles; an algorithm is simple and efficient, a pruning algorithm is achieved, the time complexity is low, and the method is conveniently achieved in real time; a pattern filter technique is proposed, the different types of frequent patterns such as the powerful pattern, the special pattern and the popular pattern can be obtained through filtration for the different requirements; the method can be widely applied to various time series data.