The invention discloses a method for quickly reconstructing a propagation network structure, which comprises the following steps of: firstly, recording the association strength between each node Vi ina network and other nodes, namely each node in Lvi, and recording the association strength in a set MIvi, the Lvi being the remaining nodes except the Vi in the network; calculating the possibility degree that each node in the Lvi in the network is a Vi father node, and recording the possibility degree in a set PIvi; sorting the nodes in the Lvi in a descending order according to the associationstrength with the Vi to obtain a set SLvi, calculating the inflection point rate of each node in the SLvi, and recording the inflection point rates in a set BPvi; and finally, initializing a directedgraph G = {V, E}, sequentially considering each node Vi for n node sets V in the network, selecting p nodes with higher inflection point rates from BPvi to construct directed edges of the Vi, adding the directed edges into E, and returning G to a user. According to the method, the association degree and the influence relationship between the nodes can be quickly determined based on the collected infection state data, so that the latent influence relationship graph can be accurately deduced.