The invention discloses an efficient separation method for sugar in sugar beet sugar production. The method comprises the following specific steps: molasses pretreatment, chromatographic separation, concentration and crystallization, and sugar content detection. The method comprises the following steps: 1) molasses pretreatment: heating molasses to 70-90 DEG C, diluting the molasses to 50-70% withwashing water, removing suspended impurities from the diluted molasses aqueous solution, and filtering to obtain clean juice free of suspended impurities, calcium, magnesium and the like; 2) chromatographic separation: sequentially simulating a moving bed, and obtaining two items through separation, wherein an extraction phase contains sucrose with a high recovery rate, and a residual liquid phase contains non-sugar with a high recovery rate; 3) concentration and crystallization: evaporating and concentrating to 65-75% brix, storing, performing four-stage sugar boiling and crystallization toobtain qualified white granulated sugar (the color value is less than or equal to 35IU), and concentrating and crystallizing an extract phase to obtain purified syrup of which the sucrose purity can reach 89-95%, the brix is 30-350Bx and the sugar recovery rate is 88-95%; and 4) sugar content detection: detecting the purity of sucrose by using high performance liquid chromatography. The method isreasonable in design, environmentally friendly in use and high in economic benefit, and high-purity components can be obtained.