The invention relates to a quick-drop type vertical trawl used for biological resource investigation in an Antarctic sea area and a using method. The vertical trawl comprises a retractable rope, net opening edge ropes, support rods, a central support, a netting, a connecting platform and a collecting barrel, the lower end of the retractable rope is connected with the central support, and the central support is radially provided with a plurality of support rods in the circumferential direction; and the inner side ends of the support rods are rotatably connected with the central support, when the support rods rotate downwards to the horizontal position, the bottoms of the support rods and the central support form a limiting support in the horizontal direction, and the net opening edge ropesare elastic ropes and connected with the outer side ends of the support rods in the circumferential direction. The upper end of the netting is connected with the net opening edge ropes, the lower endof the netting is connected with the connecting platform, the netting is funnel-shaped when unfolded, and the upper end of the collecting barrel is connected with the connecting platform through a quick detachable structure. The vertical trawl can be folded, stored, transported and thrown, the descending speed of the trawl thrown into water can be increased, the overturning situation is effectively avoided, and sampling is convenient.