The invention provides a line detection fault rapid positioning detection system based on satellite communication. The system includes a plurality of sensors, at least one repeater, a fault monitoringserver and a terminal, the repeaters are connected to the sensors, the fault monitoring server is connected with the terminal and each repeater, the sensors include a processor, a storage, a satellite positioning module, a local area network networking module, a sensing acquisition module and a power module, the processor is connected with the storage, the satellite positioning module, the localarea network networking module, the sensing acquisition module and the power module, the power module is connected with the storage, the satellite positioning module, the local area network networkingmodule and the sensing acquisition module, and the local area network networking module is connected to the repeater, thereby facilitating use of a user.