The invention provides an intelligent setting method for unmanned aerial vehicle attitude control parameters based on a quantum firefly algorithm, and belongs to the field of automatic control. The method comprises the steps of building an unmanned aerial vehicle attitude motion model, designing a fractional order PID controller, determining a to-be-set parameter, and selecting an error index function as an objective function; setting parameters of the quantum firefly algorithm; executing the quantum firefly algorithm to perform controller parameter setting optimization, and obtaining the optimal controller parameter and the objective function value of the current setting; judging whether the objective function value meets requirements or not; if the objective function value meets the requirement, determining that the firefly position is the optimal attitude controller parameter, and ending the setting; otherwise, returning to the step 2, resetting the parameters of the quantum fireflyalgorithm, and executing the steps 2-4. According to the method, on the basis of a standard firefly algorithm, improvement is carried out by utilizing a quantum theory, elite retention and mutation behaviors, and the defects that the later convergence speed of the standard firefly algorithm is seriously reduced, the convergence precision is not high, and local optimum is likely to happen in the prior art are overcome.