The invention relates to a positive pole current collector of a lithium ion battery. The current collector is of a three-layer structure, wherein the first layer and the third layer are made of aluminum and have the thickness of 2.5-3 microns; the second layer arranged between the first layer and the third layer is an aluminum alloy layer and has the thickness of 8-10 microns; and the aluminum alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 0.4-0.45 percent of Si, 0.4-0.45 percent of Fe, 0.06-0.08 percent of Cu, 0.5-0.6 percent of Mn, 0.05-0.08 percent of Ca, 0.01-0.015 percent of Sb, 0.1-0.15 percent of Ti-B alloy, 0.45-0.6 percent of RE, 15-20 percent of La, 55-60 percent of Ce, 10-15 percent of Er, 10-15 percent of Sm and the balance of aluminum and inevitable impurities, wherein RE refers to mixture rare earths. The preparation method comprises the following steps: smelting, performing homogenizing treatment, cold rolling and performing two-stage aging. According to the positive pole current collector disclosed by the invention, the tensile strength can be 260-275MPa, a corrosive pitting phenomenon is avoided, and compared with an aluminum foil in the prior art, the positive pole current collector has the advantage that problems of wrinkle and breakage can be effectively solved on the basis that a certain aluminum foil thickness is guaranteed.