The invention discloses a thickening agent, a thickening agent composition and a preparation method of the thickening agent. The structural formula of the thickening agent is shown in the description,wherein R1 represents methyl, ethyl and phenyl; R2 represents hydrogen; R3 represents allyl glycidyl ether, glycidyl acrylate or 3-allyl-7-oxabicyclo[4.1.0]heptan; and R4 represents one of allyl propionate, allyl butyrate, allyl valerate, allyl isovalerate, allyl heptanoate, allyl octanoate, allyl phthalate; and a is more than or equal to 1, b is more than or equal to 1, c is more than or equal to 1, and the sum of a, b and c is more than or equal to 10 and less than or equal to 60. The composition contains the thickening agent and a metal coupling agent. According to the thickening agent composition, an encapsulation adhesive has relatively wide universality to the adhesion of different bracket materials, and the use cost of the encapsulation adhesive is lowered; and the mechanical performance, operation performance, storage performance and stability of the encapsulation adhesive are not influenced.