The invention discloses an underground personnel positioning system comprising a positioning server, a monitoring terminal, a wired communication subsystem, wireless communication base stations and a positioning device, wherein the wired communication subsystem mainly comprises an optical fiber, an optical splitter and a wireless switch; the wireless communication base station mainly comprises an anti-explosion box, a power source, a spare battery, wireless access equipment, an antenna and the like; the wireless communication base stations are mounted inside an underground channel at intervals with a certain distance; the wireless communication base stations are connected with the wireless switch and the positioning server above a well through optical fibers; the positioning device and the wireless communication base stations are communicated in a wireless manner; and the system realizes personnel accurate positioning based on a combined field intensity distance measurement and step counting distance measurement manner through a positioning device carried by the underground personnel. The positioning system provided by the invention has the advantages of high positioning precision, low cost and simple structure of system equipment, is convenient for dispatching management of management personnel in safe production, and can provide more accurate personnel position information for rescue personnel, so as to improve the rescue efficiency and rescue rate of trapped people; and the underground personnel positioning system is a comprehensive system integrating underground personnel attendance, dispatching management, tracking and positioning, after-calamity rescue and the like.