The invention relates to a hydrological multi-index comprehensive measuring device, comprising a flow rate, water temperature and water level comprehensive measuring device, an analytical control system, a switch control device and a power supply; the hydrological multi-index comprehensive measuring device also comprises a flow rate control water suction pump system, diversion systems, a multi-layer filtration system, a chemical analysis pool, a physical analysis pool and a microbial analysis pool, wherein the diversion systems are respectively arranged on the surface of water body, in the middle of the water body, at the bottom of the water body and in the sediment at the bottom of the water, and are separately connected with the flow rate control water suction pump system; the diversionsystem on the surface of the water body is connected with an organic substance measuring device in the chemical analysis pool; the diversion system in the middle of the water body is connected with aheavy metal measuring device and the microbial analysis pool; the diversion system at the bottom of the water body is connected with the physical analysis pool, the heavy metal measuring device and the microbial analysis pool; the diversion in the sediment at the bottom of the water is connected with the physical analysis pool and the heavy metal measuring device. The hydrological multi-index comprehensive measuring device can measure the contents and types of pollutants in all the areas of the water body visually, accurately and continuously.