The invention belongs to the field of underground engineering construction auxiliary devices, and particularly relates to a vertical shaft difference freezing device. The vertical shaft difference freezing device comprises an inner pipe and an outer pipe, the inner pipe is sleeved with the outer pipe, and the outer diameter of the middle of the outer pipe is increased, so that the outer diameter of the middle of the outer pipe is larger than that of the upper portion and that of the lower portion of the outer pipe, the periphery of the upper portion and the periphery of the lower portion of the outer pipe are coated with a heat preserving layer, and the outer diameter of the heat preserving layer is equal to that of the middle of the outer pipe; a freezing liquid inlet is formed in the top of the inner pipe, and a flow channel communicated with the outer pipe is formed in the lower portion of the inner pipe; the top and the bottom of the outer pipe are closed, and a freezing liquid returning opening is formed in the upper portion of the outer pipe. Difference freezing is carried out on underground rock soil, cold source isolation is carried out on the region which is small in water content and dispenses with freezing, cold source consumption is reduced, the use ratio of a cold source is increased, for the region with the large underground water content, the contact area of the outer pipe is increased, the freezing liquid dwell time is prolonged, the rock soil freezing time is shortened, freezing efficiency is improved, and the underground rock soil freezing effect is improved.