The invention discloses a wavelet modulation transfer function (MTF) compensation method based on the optimal core shape, and can be applied to a ground processing system for satellite remote sensing images. The method comprises the following steps of: according to priori knowledge of noise of an imaging system, inputting a threshold value, and partially separating input digital image signals and noise in a wavelet domain; inputting parameters a and b for initial core design, performing wavelet domain modulation transfer function compensation (MTFC) processing on the signal part, adding with the noise part, performing wavelet domain normalizatioin processing and outputting process images; continuously regulating the parameters a and b, generating different cores and corresponding different process images, and measuring corresponding just noticeable difference (JND) and MTF through the process images; and recording the parameters a and b which meet the requirement, and using the parameters a and b as the optimal core parameters of the imaging system. The invention can improve the MTF for the imaging system with low ontrack dynamic MTF, improve the quality grade of the images, and improve system performance.