The invention provides a structural type triglyceride rich in medium-chain fatty acid and a preparation method thereof. The provided triglyceride is prepared from medium-chain fatty acid with a carbon number of 8-12, palmitic acid, glycerin, and long-chain unsaturated fatty acid/fatty acid ester through catalytic reactions. In the provided triglyceride, medium-chain fatty acid accounts for 11 to 40 wt% of total fatty acid; Sn-2 position saturated fatty acid accounts for 52 to 80 wt% of total saturated fatty acid; Sn-1,3 position unsaturated fatty acid accounts for 80 to 95 wt% of total unsaturated fatty acid, the content of Sn-USU type triglyceride is 40 to 80%, and the content of triglyceride palmitate is 3 to 8%. The provided triglyceride has the characteristics of medium-chain triglyceride and long-chain triglyceride; compared with the common medium/long-chain fatty acid edible oil, the provided triglyceride has richer structures, according to the product characteristics, and the provided triglyceride can be used as a food nutrient supplement and added in different food formulas. The preparation method has the characteristics of high production efficiency, low energy consumption, mild reaction conditions, little using amount of enzyme, more precise procedure, and effectively-reduced cost.