The invention relates to a purification method of muddy water, in particular to a flocculating agent for rapidly purifying muddy water, and a rapid purification method of the muddy water, mainly aiming at solving the technical problems that in the prior art, the purification method of the muddy water is high in cost and low in efficiency; the muddy water, which very easily causes environmental pollution, is discharged into construction sites, municipal rainwater pipelines positioned beside the construction sites or sewer pipelines, so that the rainwater pipelines or rivers where the muddy water is discharged can be blocked. The purification method comprises the steps of separating large particles of suspended matters in muddy raw water by using a grate, and adding right amount of the prepared flocculating agent into the muddy raw water, wherein the flocculating agent is prepared by fully stirring and mixing divalent ionic type salt solid and anionic macromolecule organic solid powder, the divalent ionic type salt solid is a mixture of calcium salts and iron salts, and the adding amount of the flocculating agent is 1/1000-1/100 of the dry base amount of mud; fully stirring and mixing; then, enabling the obtained mixture to enter a sedimentation tank for carrying out precipitation, directly discharging precipitated supernatant, dewatering the precipitated mud and then transporting the mud to the outside.