A wireless communication-based methane fermentation management and control system disclosed by the present invention comprises a main control module, a power supply module, a data acquisition module, a display alarm module, a fermentation adjusting and processing module, a storage module, a communication module and a mobile reception control terminal, wherein the data acquisition module is used to acquire the temperature, humidity, PH value, atmospheric pressure, methane concentration, ammonia concentration and hydrogen sulfide concentration data and real-timely send to the main control module or the storage module to process, and the main control module sends the corresponding instruction signals to the data acquisition module, the display alarm module, the fermentation adjusting and processing module, the storage module and the communication module, and also can transmit the information with the mobile reception control terminal real-timely. The wireless communication-based methane fermentation management and control system of the present invention can detect the relevant parameter information in a fermentation room real-timely, at the same time, can control and adjust the relevant parameters and the environment humiture automatically according to the demands, is accurate to monitor and intelligent and flexible to control, is high in sensitivity and little in energy consumption, and has a higher practical value and the wider application prospect.