To provide a liquid crystal display device having excellent liquid crystal vertical alignment properties, good transparency when a voltage is applied and good scattering properties when no voltage is applied, and good adhesion with the liquid crystal layer. The liquid crystal display device has a liquid crystal layer formed by irradiating and curing with ultraviolet rays a liquid crystal composition containing a liquid crystal and a polymerizable compound disposed between a pair of substrates provided with electrodes, and at least one of the substrates is provided with a liquid crystal alignment film to vertically align a liquid crystal. The liquid crystal composition contains a compound represented by the formula [1], and the liquid crystal alignment film is obtained from a liquid crystal alignment treating agent containing a polymer having a side chain structure represented by the following formula [2-1] or formula [2-2], and a side chain structure represented by the following formula [3]:
X1—X2—X3—X4—X5—X6x7pX8 [1]
(X1: the formula [1-a] to formula [1-g], etc., X2, X3, X4 and X6: a single bond, etc., X5 and X7: a benzene ring, etc., X8: a C1-18 alkyl group, etc.),
(XA: H, etc., XB: a benzene ring, etc., XC: a C1-18 alkyl group, etc.),
—Y1—Y2—Y3—Y4Y5nYt [2-1]
(Y1, Y2 and Y3: a single bond, etc., Y4 and Y5: a benzene ring, etc., Y6: a C1-18 alkyl group, etc.,
—Y7—Y8 [2-2]
(Y7: a single bond, Y8: a C8-22 alkyl group, etc.).