The invention relates to production control of a polycrystalline silicon ingot casting furnace and aims at providing a heating control system and a method based on a top separated control polycrystalline silicon ingot casting furnace. A side heater in the system is connected with a side power supply, a top heater is connected with a top power supply, the side power supply and the top power supplyare connected to a power distribution control module through conducting wires, in addition, the heat control system is provided with a central control module, a heating control module, a crystal growing height calculation module, a temperature control sensor, a lower water temperature flow rate sensor, a side water temperature flow rate sensor, a side heater temperature sensor and a top heater temperature sensor, and the temperature control sensor, the lower water temperature flow rate sensor, the side water temperature flow rate sensor, the side heater temperature sensor and the top heater temperature sensor are arranged on the top of a furnace chamber. Compared with the prior art, the system and the method have the advantages that the crystal growing speed is accelerated, the crystal growing time is shortened, the crystal growing speed and the crystal growing height can be precisely calculated, the crystal growing process is precisely controlled, the total power of the heater power is reduced, in addition, the energy consumption is obviously reduced because the crystal growing time is shortened, the crystal growing interface is more smooth, the crystal grain verticality is better, in addition, the crystal favorably grows, and the crystal quality is improved.