The invention belongs to the field of petroleum engineering, and particularly relates to an automatic hydrate preventing device for a deep water gas well test and a preventing method. The automatic hydrate preventing device for the deep water gas well test comprises an automatic data monitoring, acquisition and processing system and an automatic inhibitor control injection system, wherein the automatic data monitoring, acquisition and processing system lays the foundation for judgment of hydrate generation and correction by monitoring parameters of temperature, pressure, liquid flow, gas flow, liquid mineralization degree and gas component in real time; acquired data are processed, and a hydrate judgment result and an inhibitor adjusting result are given; and the automatic inhibitor control injection system rapidly sends a control signal according to the processing result of an upper computer, an executing mechanism is used for performing execution, the working parameters of an inhibitor injection pump are adjusted, and inhibitor injection is adjusted. According to the method and the device, the test condition can be automatically monitored in real time in the whole journey, the hydrate inhibitor injection speed is automatically controlled, and the automatic prevention purpose of hydrate is achieved.