The invention belongs to the field of rail traffic, and particularly relates to a toothed rail train transition device. The device comprises a toothed rail, a transition mechanism, two fixed gears, a jacking gear, a chain and a limiting stop dog, the toothed rail is fixed between two rows of steel rails, the transition mechanism is arranged in front of the driving-in end of the toothed rail and provided with the driving-in end and the driving-out end, the two fixed gears are arranged at the driving-in end and the driving-out end of the transition mechanism respectively, the jacking gear is arranged between the two fixed gears, the limiting check block is arranged on a rail bed between the two fixed gears, a first spring and a second spring are arranged at the two ends, in the length direction of the toothed rail, of the limiting check block correspondingly, the opposite ends of the first spring and the second spring are connected with a first fixed block and a second fixed block correspondingly, a boss is arranged at the end, close to the driving-out end of the transition mechanism, of the side wall of the limiting check block. According to the toothed rail train transition device, the meshing state of a driving gear is adjusted through the tensioning force of a chain, and it is guaranteed that the gear is accurately meshed with the chain.