The invention discloses an adsorbing condensing type oil vapor recovery device for effectively preventing adsorption temperature rise and an oil vapor recovery method. The device comprises an oil vapor inlet, a first valve set, an adsorption tank set, a second valve set, a clean gas exhaust port, a vacuum pump set, a first-level oil vapor condenser, a second-level oil vapor condenser, a third-level oil vapor condenser and a check valve, wherein the first valve set is composed of a gas inlet valve set under the adsorption tank set and a vacuum valve set in parallel connection with each other; the second valve set is composed of an exhaust valve set above the adsorption tank set and a blow-down valve set in parallel connection with each other; the blow-down valve set, the adsorption tank set, the vacuum valve set, the vacuum pump set, the first-level oil vapor condenser, the second-level oil vapor condenser, the third-level oil vapor condenser and the check valve are connected in turn; the check valve is connected with the oil vapor inlet; the oil vapor inlet is connected with the gas inlet valve set, the adsorption tank set, the exhaust valve set and the clean gas exhaust port in turn; a solid-liquid phase variable energy storage substance is filled into the adsorption tank set.